Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering subatomic particles, atomic theory, isotopic compositions, periodic table groups, and element calculations based on the provided notes.

Ernest Rutherford

The scientist who described the atom as a positively charged core (nucleus) in the middle of a lot of empty space.

Isotope

An atom of the same element that has a different number of neutrons.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom.

Atomic Mass

The weighted average mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom or element.

Iron

An industrially important element containing $26$ electrons that rusts in the presence of air and moisture.

Electron

The lightest subatomic particle, which has a negative charge and circles around the nucleus.

Democritus

Ancient Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was not continuous.

John Dalton

Scientist who proposed the modern Atomic Theory.

J.J. Thomson

Scientist who discovered the existence of electrons.

Subatomic Particles

Particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose an atom.

Halogens

Very reactive elements in Group $17$, consisting of some solids, a liquid, and a gas.

Transition Metals

Elements in Groups $3$ to $12$ that are good conductors and form colored compounds.

Noble Gases

Unreactive gaseous elements located in Group $18$.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Elements in Group $2$ that are reactive, but not as reactive as Group $1$ elements.

Alkali Metals

Very reactive and very soft metals located in Group $1$.

Molybdenum-91 Symbol

The chemical symbol ${}_{42}^{91}\text{Mo}$, designating an atom with $42$ protons and $49$ neutrons.

Potassium Atom

A normal potassium atom with atomic number $19$ and average atomic mass around $39$ that contains $20$ neutrons.

Cobalt-59

An atom with an atomic mass of $59$ and atomic number of $27$, revealing that most cobalt atoms contain more neutrons ($32$) than protons ($27$).

Lead-208

The most abundant isotope of lead among lead-204, lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208, corresponding to an average atomic mass of $207.2$.

Tellurium-128

An isotope of tellurium containing $52$ protons, $76$ neutrons, and $52$ electrons.

Silver-108

An isotope of silver containing $47$ protons, $61$ neutrons, and $47$ electrons.

Chromium Isotopes

Chromium-58 contains $24$ protons, $34$ neutrons, and $24$ electrons, while Chromium-60 contains $24$ protons, $36$ neutrons, and $24$ electrons.

Sodium Isotopes

Sodium-12 contains $11$ protons, $1$ neutron, and $11$ electrons, while Sodium-20 contains $11$ protons, $9$ neutrons, and $11$ electrons.

Calcium Bohr Model

An atomic structure representation for calcium consisting of $20$ protons, $20$ neutrons, and $20$ electrons.

Rubidium Average Atomic Mass

Calculated as $(85 \times 0.722) + (87 \times 0.278) = 61.37 + 24.186 = 85.556$ for a mixture of $72.2\%$ ${}^{85}\text{Rb}$ and $27.8\%$ ${}^{87}\text{Rb}$.