DD/burns

What is Lubriderm used for and what’s the MOA?

Relieving burning/itching from prickly heat, MOA: soothes skin while maintaining moisture and absorbs into skin and dissipates excessive moisture

Is Lubriderm safe in preg/bf?

Yes

How does Hydrocortisone cream help prickly heat (MOA)?

Anti-inflammatory: low potency corticosteroid that causes vasoconstriction to reduce inflammation and pruritus. Relieves redness, swelling, itching

Can you use hydrocortisone on bacterial infections?

No

What is the MOA of colloidal oatmeal for prickly heat?

Antipruritic and soothing properties

How does talc and cornstarch prevent prickly heat?

Protectant; both absorb fluid, Talc is a lube when applied to dry skin and will reduce friction

What are the side effects associated with cornstarch and talc?

Prolonged/excess use: clogged pores, precipitating prickly heat, inhalation can cause respiratory injury and disease

Talc has been linked to?

Ovarian cancer and risk of infection if applied to open skin

Are talc and cornstarch safe in preg/bf?

Yes, as long as it’s used correctly

What are the two cons of talc and cornstarch?

Have to apply to dry skin, and does not provide a lipid barrier over skin

What is the MOA for skin protectants for diaper derm?

Protectants: ointments provide physical barrier between skin and irritants; lubricate high friction area

How does Lanolin work for diaper derm? What’s its side effect?

protectant and bacteriostatic; common sensitizer, don’t apply to inflamed areas

How does mineral oil work for diaper derm? What’s the side effect?

Protectant; coasts skin with hydrophobic film, doesn’t stay on well; clogs pores

How does dimethicone work for diaper derm?

Protectant; repels water, soothes/counteracts irritation

How does zinc oxide cream work for diaper derm?

protectant; absorbs fluids from lesions, mild astringent, weak antiseptic properties

How does benzocaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, pramoxine, and phenol work for wounds?

Local anesthetic; reversible blockade of conduction of nerve impulses (Na+ channels)

What is the age restriction on benzocaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, pramoxine, and phenol? How do you apply it

2+, 3-4 times daily no longer than 7

What are the side affects of benzocaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, pramoxine, and phenol?

ACD (mainly benzocaine), sensitization, methemoglobinemia (benzocaine)

Why can’t camphorated phenol be applied to open skin?

can cause skin sloughing and necrosis

which can you not use in preg/bf: benzocaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, pramoxine, and phenol?

phenol

What are the antiseptics to treat wounds? What is the age limit?

hydrogen peroxide, IPA, iodine, and povidone w/ iodine. 2+

What is the MOA for hydrogen peroxide?

antiseptic; tissue debriding agent, releases oxygen briefly on contact with tissue enzymes to cleanse through mechanical debridement; lyses cells

What is the MOA for IPA and iodine?

antiseptic; kills bac on contact

When can hydrogen peroxide be used?

intact skin, can be used in wound with dirt/debris

When can IPA be used?

Intact skin only, up to edges of wound

When can Iodine/povidone be used?

Ok to use on open wound but only small wounds

What are the side effects of antiseptics?

tissue irritation, pain, dries out (alcohol), stains, thyroid dysfunction, and allergic rxns (iodine), bleaches (hydrogen peroxide)

Are antiseptics safe in preg/bf?

yes

What is the single antibiotic called? What’s the MOA?

Bacitracin; inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bac

What is the double antibiotic? What’s the MOA?

Polysporin (bacitracin + polymyxin B); alters cell wall permeability which causes leakage from intracellular contents in gram negative bac

What is the triple antibiotic? What’s the MOA?

Neosporin (bacitracin + polymyxin B + neomycin); irreversibly binds to 30S ribosomal subunit inhibiting protein synthesis in gram negative bac; covers anaerobes too

What are the side effects associated with the topical antibiotics?

Systemic toxicity with prolonged use, resistant bac, Neomycin: risk for hypersensitivity rxn

When are ointments needed?

Dry, cracked skin

When are creams needed?

Oozing, wet wounds

Are antibiotic ointment/creams safe in preg/bf?

Yes

What is a con with antibiotic topical products?

Aquaphor has been shown to be equally effective

What is the MOA for Aloe?

Contains vitamins, minerals, and enzymes which promote wound healing and may have anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial properties

Can aloe be placed in open wounds? Is it safe in preg/bf?

Yes

What is the MOA for honey in wound care?

Delivers a moist, wound healing environment, absorbs exudate, has antibacterial, anti fungal, and anti-inflammatory properties

What is contraindication for honey in wound care?

Use on 3rd degree burns or to control heavy bleeding

What is the MOA of silver gel? Is it safe in preg/bf?

Inhibits the growth of both gram positive and negative bacteria; avoid in preg/bf

What are the pros for silver gel?

Decreases bac load, fluid from the wound bed are slowly absorbed, may shorten healing time for burns, effects last up to 3 days

What is the MOA for liquid bandage? Is it safe in preg/bf?

Forms a clear, flexible coating over the injury, protecting the tissue. Can stay on 5-10 days, safe in preg/bf

When can you not use liquid adhesive?

Dirty wounds or puncture wounds

What is the MOA for chemical sunscreens?

Absorb and block transmission of the UVR into the skin, some cover both UVA and UVB, must be SPF 15+ to have claim of broad spectrum

What is the age limit on chemical sunscreen? What are the applying rules for chemical sunscreens?

6 months+; Apply 15-30mins before sun exposure; reapply every 40-80mins if swimming/sweating. reapply every 2 hours if not

What are the side effects of Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) sunscreens?

Stinging/drying of skin, yellow staining, allergic rxns, photosensitivity

Side effects of chemical sunscreens (specifically oxybenzone)?

may be toxic to reef life, banned on some islands

What is the MOA for physical sunscreens (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide)? What are the side effects?

Physically reflects and scatters all UV rays. White on skin

How do you apply physical sunscreens?

Immediately before sun exposure; repapply every 40-80 mins if swimming/sweating, reapply every 2 hours if not