Experimental Design and Scientific Measurement
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39 Terms
What is the scientific method
A series of steps we can use to tackle a problem in a systematic way
what is discovery based science
observations are the primary method of collecting data
what is qualitative data
no numerical value
what is quantitative data
numerical values
What is a hypothesis
A testable explanation for a phenomenon in the natural world
what is hypothesis based science
provides a strong framework for designing and conducting experiments
What is a null hypothesis
There is no difference between treatments
What is an alternative hypothesis
There is a relationship between variables
What is a independent variable
What you manipulate always on x axis
What is the dependent variable
what you measure always on y axis
What is the standardized variable
Things we keep the same
Types of control groups
Positive and negative
What are positive control groups
Some treatment and is a point of comparison
What are negative control groups
Lacks treatment and is used as a point of comparison
What is replication
the process of repeating the experiment multiple times
What is precision
How close your numbers are to each other
What is accuracy
How close you are to the correct value
What is the rule of addition and subtraction
Round to the least number of decimal places
What is the rule of multiplication and division
Round to the least number of sig figs
Rule 1 for measuring liquids
Should be the smallest possible vessel that can hold the entire amount
Rule 2 for measuring liquids
A measuring device is inappropriate to use if the desired volume is within the lowest 10% of the range of the vessel
Rule 3 for measuring liquids
No multiple measuring
what is the exponent for tera (T)
12
what is the exponent for giga (G)
9
what is the exponent for mega (M)
6
what is the exponent for kilo (k)
3
what is the exponent for hecto (h)
2
what is the exponent for deka (da)
1
what is the exponent for deci (d)
-1
what is the exponent for centi (c)
-2
what is the exponent for milli (m)
-3
what is the exponent for micro (u)
-6
what is the exponent for nano (n)
-9
what is the exponent for pico (p)
-12
what is the exponent for femto (f)
-15
what is the exponent for atto (a)
-18
what is a meniscus
in a graduated cylinder made of glass the liquid sticks to the sides of the cylinder
what is atomic mass
one mole of a substance expressed in grams
what are molar solutions based on
1 L total volume