Musculoskeletal System

Flashcards focused on the musculoskeletal system, covering anatomy, functions, disorders, and surgical interventions.

What are the primary functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Protection, support, movement, hematopoiesis, and storage of fat and minerals.

What is the medical specialty related to the musculoskeletal system?

Orthopedics.

Who is a specialist in orthopedics?

Orthopedist.

What do you call the major bone in the upper arm?

Humerus.

What are the bones of the spine referred to as?

Vertebrae.

What is the term for the lower leg bone?

Tibia.

Which bone is commonly known as the kneecap?

Patella.

What is the term for the bones in the wrist?

Carpals.

What is the medical term for the tailbone?

Coccyx.

What is the term for the hip bone?

Pelvis.

What does the term 'cervical' refer to?

The neck region of vertebrae.

What is the term for the rib cage?

Thoracic cage.

What type of bone is the calcaneus?

Ankle bone.

What bone is located in the lower back?

Lumbar vertebrae.

What are false ribs?

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum.

What is the function of bursa in the body?

To reduce friction in areas between bones or tendons.

What is the definition of an articulation?

A joint where two bones meet.

What does 'arthritis' mean?

Inflammation of a joint.

What is the term for the fluid-filled sac that cushions joints?

Bursa.

What does the prefix 'chondr/o' refer to?

Cartilage.

What is the meaning of 'fusion' in medical terms?

Joining two or more bones together.

Which part of the body does 'femur' refer to?

The thigh bone.

What does 'myopathy' mean?

Disease of muscle tissue.

What is the term for muscle pain?

Myalgia.

What condition is characterized by a bending of the spine?

Scoliosis.

What is 'osteoporosis'?

A condition where bones become weak and brittle.

What is the medical term for the common wrist condition affecting tendons, often causing pain?

Carpal tunnel syndrome.

What does 'spondylitis' refer to?

Inflammation of the vertebrae.

What are the three types of muscle in the human body?

Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

To connect muscles to bones.

Which diagnostic technique visualizes joints and soft tissues?

Arthroscopy.

What term describes the surgical procedure of removing part of a bone?

Ostectomy.

What does 'arthritis' encompass?

Multiple types of joint inflammation.

What does 'hypertrophy' refer to in muscle terms?

Increase in muscle size.

What is the term used for a fracture in which the skin is broken?

Compound fracture.

What is the purpose of a cast in orthopedic treatment?

To immobilize a broken bone.

What does 'osteoarthritis' specifically affect?

The degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone.

What condition is often indicated by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis.

Which bone articulates with the humerus at the shoulder?

Scapula.

What does 'tendinitis' refer to?

Inflammation of a tendon.

What is the function of articular cartilage?

To cover the ends of bones in a joint.

What is 'lumbago'?

Lower back pain.

What term describes a joint that has lost its normal position?

Dislocation.

Which muscle is primarily responsible for abducting the arm?

Deltoid.

What is the process of injecting a corticosteroid into a joint called?

Arthrocentesis.

What does 'calcification' refer to?

The accumulation of calcium salts in body tissue.

What is the muscle called that is located in the back of the leg?

Gastrocnemius.

What does 'fracture' mean in medical terminology?

A break in the continuity of a bone.

What does 'osteomyelitis' involve?

Infection of the bone.

What is the term for the inflammation of the connective tissue around a joint?

Bursitis.

What are the indications for a craniotomy?

To access the brain for surgical procedures.

What does 'myasthenia gravis' affect?

The communication between nerves and muscles.

What does the prefix 'oste/o' refer to?

Bone.

Describe 'flexion' in terms of joint movement.

Decreasing the angle between two body parts.

What is the term for the surgical procedure that involves the repair of muscles and tendons simultaneously?

Tenomyoplasty.

What does 'sarcopenia' refer to?

Loss of muscle mass associated with aging.

What is the difference between 'open reduction' and 'closed reduction'?

Open reduction involves surgery, while closed reduction does not.

What does 'herniated disk' refer to?

A condition where a spinal disc bulges out of its normal space.

What is the meaning of 'spondylosis'?

Degenerative changes in the spine.

Name one type of surgical intervention for joint problems.

Arthroplasty.