(L4) specific sub cellular organelles

Centrioles: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Two bundles of microtubules at right angles to each other, made of tubulin arranged to make a cylinder

• Function: Form spindle fibres, cilia, and undulipodia

• Size: $200 - 500\,\text{nm}$

• Observation: Electron microscope

Cilia and undulipodia: structure, function, size and observing method

• Function: Undulipodia move the whole cell; cilia move substances across the cell surface

• Structure: Both formed by centrioles, contain microtubules, and are surrounded by the cell surface membrane

• Size: $1 - 200\,\mu\text{m}$

• Observation: Light microscope

Cellulose cell wall: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Made of bundles of cellulose fibres outside the cell membrane of plant cells

• Function: Provides cell support and is permeable to allow solutions to penetrate

Three components of the cytoskeleton: structure, function, size and observing method

• Microtubules

• Intermediate filaments

• Microfilaments

Microtubules: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Made of tubulin

• Function: Provide cell support, act as tracks for motor proteins, and form spindle fibres

• Size: $18 - 30\,\text{nm}$

• Observation: Electron microscope

Intermediate filaments: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Made of actin

• Function: Anchor the nucleus and stabilise tissue

• Size: $10\,\text{nm}$

• Observation: Electron microscope

Microfilaments: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Made of actin

• Function: Provide cell support

• Size: $7\,\text{nm}$

• Observation: Electron microscope

Microtubules: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Made of tubulin

• Function: Provide cell support, act as tracks for motor proteins, and form spindle fibres

• Size: $18 - 30\,\text{nm}$

• Observation: Electron microscope

Intermediate filaments: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Made of actin

• Function: Anchor the nucleus and stabilise tissue

• Size: $10\,\text{nm}$

• Observation: Electron microscope

Microfilaments: structure, function, size and observing method

• Structure: Made of actin

• Function: Provide cell support

• Size: $7\,\text{nm}$

• Observation: Electron microscope