temp - most valuable facts for tomo - Owen Shepherd

Japan hazard

9.1 Magnitude

30 Minutes later = Tsunami

Japan when

2011

How did Japan effectively respond

Even with a Nuclear power plant, deaths limited, good planning and evacuation procedure

Education on to leave for higher ground

What limited damage in Japan

Pre planning, and preparedness, significantly limited damage, Early Warning Systems

What did Japan have

A holistic, effective, developed response to the event

Scale of Earthquake

Enough to tilt earth 25cm on its axis

215 miles of ocean rise up 3 metres

What led to deaths in Japan

Narrow street layout

Rapid onset of event

Sea Wall not tall enough

Nuclear meltdown

Sheer scale of event

Future development in Japan

Use of the new Early Monitoring System

Investment into EWS

150 Ocean Floor detectors

Reduced alert time by 30 seconds

Can provide up to 20 mins notice of Tsunami

With 99% coverage

$140 million US Dollars

Haiti what happened

7.0 magnitude Earthquake, 2 days later, 6am, 6.1 Aftershock

Secondary Cholera outbreak: Caused by UN

Haiti when

2010 same time ish as Japan

Compared to Japan

100X smaller Earthquake

10X more deaths

Level of Vulnerable

96% at risk of mortality from 2 or more hazards

Level of Vulnerable

96% at risk of mortality from 2 or more hazards

Poverty in Haiti

10% of PAP live in slums

3 million in PAP

Live in informal, unplanned, unsupported slum housing

Poverty in Haiti 2

66% on less that £1 a day

Over 50% classed as ‘extremely poor’

Why did people not react

Very little perception of event - 61% literacy

No major EQ in the last 200 years

No memory or lived experience - little understanding

UN - good or bad

Caused 1.2 million to return to homes

Empowered local communities to help themselves

Educated doctors to treat cholera:

Brought in Cholera

Led to over 10,000 deaths

Describe Haiti as being in a

‘Perpetual state of starting again’

Why is Haiti so vulnerable?

Collapse of Haitian government lead to removal of funding for hazard management

Over $900 million missing to corruption

How long to recover

Still recovering 7 years after the event - people still in camps

Is all technology available to Haiti

Country is estimated to be behind other countries infrastructure by around 100 years

Liquefaction in Port-Au-Prince

Ground level dropped 0.8 metres

Warehouse and wharf collapse

Container ship cranes slide into sea

Tsunamis travel at

Up to 700km/h

500km/h in Japan in Open water

Consequences of Tsunami

Flood

Waterborne disease

Saltwater intrusion

Pollution

Huge erosion all change in Landscape

Liquefaction when

Ground turns to ‘Viscous Liquid’

Flood rises up as previously trapped water in sediment

Landslide and avalanche why deadly

Both initial effect of mask movement, and secondary effect of snow melt or debris are dangerous

Flooding from avalanche

Destroy local ecosystem

Flood building ms and residences

Leach soil

Why landslide so deadly

Extremely hard to mitigate - expensive

Huge long term effect on large area of landscape hard to reverse