lecture 6 environment and ur health

what are caramel colorings, what are their four varieties, and what is the main bad chemical in them?

what is 4-MEI

what is risk assessment (definition)?

a policy tool designed to facilitate management of environmental health hazards. it integrates information from various scientific domains (environmental science, chemistry, exposure science, toxicology, etc.) NOT A SCIENTIFIC TOOL !

who uses risk assesment

*industry uses it to claim that they didn’t screw up but government did

4 main steps of risk assessment

what is hazard identification

dose-response assesment

what is a reference value

what is a critical endpoint

principal study definition

point of departure

BMDL vs NOAEL vs LOAEL

dose response curve for a non-carcinogen

for carcinogens, assume that any exposure —> deleterious effects

what is reference dose (include equation)

what are uncertainty factors (+ list 5 w the factors)

what to do during exposure assessment

what are exposure models

examples of exposure models

typical exposure model equation

what is risk characterization

what are risk char equations for non-cancer

risk characterization for cancer

population burden

consumer report recommendations about caramel

what did industry say ab caramel color

definition of law

how does EPA pass regulations to meet laws

usually arrives at them during risk assessments

how are environmental laws organized

what is NEPA

NEPA is primarily a procedural mandate—it requires federal agencies to take a "hard look" at environmental impacts, alternatives, and mitigation measures, rather than forcing them to choose the most eco-friendly option

what does environmental impact assessment do

evaluates effect of anything on the environment

what is toxic substances control act

broad scope of tsca

Tox21

what have we learned since 1976

chem production and use are growing; rising incidence of diseases + disorders linked to chemical exposures asw

former paradigm of TSCA

drivers for TSCA reform

lots of state actions created uncertainty in markets —> california has wayy more restrictions than other states, so companies often conform to cali regulations

basic framework of lautenberg act

how does lautenberg act work

what does it take for law to work

1. Law should pass

2. Budget should pass

what are regulations

how does the US federal system operate

how does PFAS get into our system

teflon case study

federalism + turf wars

• didn’t want to share info between ATSDR + diff agencies about PFAS study

burger example of who has jurisdiction over environmental health

science vs the law

what is policy (3 definitions)

cost benefit analysis of a policy

trade-offs

co-benefits

HEN act

what did abel wolman do

waterborne diseases

where does our drinking water come from (3 sources)

what makes our water safe to drink (4 points)

what’s in our water that’s good for us

what’s in our water that’s harmful to our health

challenges for sanitary infrastructure to protect public health for all

environmental racism

racial and ethnic inequities in drinking water across the US

water infrastructure in baltimore

some infrastructure is aging. all pipes need to be pressurizzed

lead pipes in baltimore

what is a service line

lead (Pb)

lead health issues in children

lead health issues in adults

baltimore service line partnership

private side = left

government side = right

water service line material identification + reporting

water access challenges on navajo nation + water hauling

five f fecal oral pathogen transmission diagram

fecal waste flow diagram for uganda

JMP sanitation ladder

phasing out unsafe sanitation

SDG 6.2 target

low-income country sanitation rates

blood lead and IQ

confounders in assessing lead effects on cognitive development

disorders associated w lead exposure

why use petroleum products