Flashcards exam 2 hearing disorders

Atresia

abscence or closure of the external ear canal, usually causes conductive hearing loss

What are otitis media symptoms and test results?

ear pain or pressure, muffled hearing, may show a flat b tympanogram and conductive loss

what is otosclerosis

Abnormal bone growth fixes the stapes, causing progressive conductive hearing loss, may show an air bone gap

What is cholesteatoma?

abnormal skin cell buildup in the middle ear, may cause foul smelling drainage and conductive hearing loss

what is ossicular disarticulation?

Separation of middle ear bones, often after trauma, causes conductive loss and a large air bone gap

What causes BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo)?

displaced otoconia (calcium crystals) entering a semicircular canal, usually the posterior canal

what are BPPV test results and symptoms?

Brief positional spinning, Dix- hallpike may trigger vertigo and characteristic nystagmus

what are four classic symptoms of Ménière's disease

episodic vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness

what are hyperacusis symptoms?

everyday seems excessively loud, uncomfortable, or painful

what is tinnitus and what are possible test results?

percieved ringing, buzzing, or other sounds without an external source, audiogram may be normal or show hearing loss

what is phonophobia

fear or anxiety related to sound, sometimes causing avoidance of noisy situations

what is misophonia

strong emotional reactions to specific sounds such as chewing, sniffing, or tapping

what is conductive hearing loss

sound is blocked or reduced in the middle/outer ear

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

damage or dysfunction in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve

what is mixed hearing loss

a combination of conductive and sensiornueral hearing loss

which type involves the outer or middle ear

conductive hearing loss

which type involves the cochlea or auditory nerve

sensorinueral

which hearing loss often involves an air bone gap

conductive hearing loss, bone conduction is better than air conduction

otosclerosis affects the stapes, what type of loss does it usually cause?

conductive hearing loss because it limits the sound transmission through the middle ear

how is otitis media treated?

pain management, monitoring, and antibiotics if needed. Persistent effusion may need further evaluation or ear tubes.

Does middle ear effusion always mean an ear infection?

No, fluid can remain after an infection or occur without an acute infection

what are signs of possible non organic hearing loss?

inconsistent responses, results that conflict across tests, or responses inconsistent with observed hearing

how should an audiologist handle suspected malingering

Stay neutral, repeat and cross-check tests, document inconsistencies, and avoid accusing the patient.

congenital malformations: microtia

outer ear (pinna) is underdeveloped or unusually small

congential malformations: aural atresia

external ear canal is absent or closed

stenosis

ear canal is abnormally narrow

what is the stenger effect?

when the same tone is presented to both ears, it is percieved mainly in the louder ear

what may a positive stenger effect suggest?

possible non organic hearing loss in the poorer ear

how should children with non organic hearing loss be managed

use supportive, non punititive approach, confirm results, assess possible stressors, and involve caregivers

what does OSHA stand for and what does it do?

Occupational safety and health administration, sets and enforces workplace safety and health standards.

what is the OSHA noise exposure rule?

85 dBA for 8 hours, each 5dB increase halves the allowed exposure time.

how is tinnitus treated?

education, sound therapy, hearing aids when appropriate, and CBT to manage distress.

what is the difference between objective and subjective tinnitus?

Objective: a rare sound that can be detected by the examiner. subjective: heard only by the person experiencing it

what three systems help humans maintain balance?

vestibular system, visual system, and somatosensory (proprioceptive) system.

what is VNG and what can determine it?

videonystagmography records eye movements to assess vestibular function and identify signs of balance-system dysfunction

what is rotational chair testing?

a test that rotates the patient while recording eye movements to assess vestibular function especially both sides together

what is dynamic posturography?

tests balance while changing visual and/or support surface conditions to assess how balance systems work together

how is BPPV treated?

canalith repositioning maneuvers such as the Epley maneuver, move displaced crystals out of the affected canal

what test is commonly used to help identify BPPV?

the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, it may trigger positional vertigo and characteristic nystagmus