Untitled Flashcard Set

What is the highest level of organization that encompasses all other levels of organization in the human body?

E. Organ system

What does a histologist primarily study?

B. Tissues under a microscope

How does the study focus differ between a gross anatomist and a histologist?

C. A histologist uses a microscope to study tissues

Which plane separates the two eyes best?

C. Sagittal

Which plane allows examination of internal anatomy of both lungs with one cut?

D. Coronal

Which abdominopelvic region overlaps with the left lower quadrant?

C. Left iliac

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

B. Heart and lungs

Which cavity is primarily associated with organs in the abdomen?

D. Abdominopelvic cavity

What membrane lines the abdominal cavity and covers many abdominal organs?

C. Peritoneum

Where is the visceral layer of a serous membrane located?

B. Directly against the organ

What is the location of the parietal layer of a serous membrane?

B. Against the cavity wall

If a surgeon is cutting through the peritoneum, which organ are they likely operating on?

B. Liver

What type of membrane lines the nasal cavity, is moist, and contains mucus-producing cells?

B. Mucous

Do synovial membranes line freely movable joints? True or False?

A. True

Do serous membranes produce fluid that helps reduce friction between organs? True or False?

A. True

Which are the four primary tissue types?

A. Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines internal organs?

C. Epithelial

What tissue type is primarily responsible for contraction and movement?

D. Muscle

Which tissue type is specialized for communication and rapid signaling?

B. Nervous

What are the three categories of connective tissue?

C. Proper, fluid, supporting

What does connective tissue generally consist of?

B. Cells and extracellular matrix

Does connective tissue generally have more extracellular matrix than epithelial tissue? True or False?

A. True

Do all connective tissues have exactly the same type of extracellular matrix? True or False?

B. False

Which is NOT a major function of epithelial tissue?

E. Storage

Which statement about epithelial tissue is FALSE?

E. Epithelial cells cannot divide

Why is epithelial tissue described as avascular?

B. Contains no blood vessels

How do epithelial cells receive nutrients if epithelial tissue lacks blood vessels?

B. Through diffusion from underlying connective tissue

What does simple epithelium contain?

A. One layer of cells

What does stratified epithelium contain?

B. Two or more layers

Which epithelial tissue is rare and is found in ducts of sweat and mammary glands?

B. Stratified cuboidal

Which epithelium is best suited for rapid diffusion?

A. Simple squamous

Which epithelial tissue is commonly associated with secretion and absorption?

A. Simple cuboidal

Which epithelial tissue commonly lines the digestive tract and can secrete digestive enzymes?

B. Simple columnar

Where is transitional epithelium found?

C. Urinary bladder

What does endothelium line?

C. Blood vessels

Are stratified epithelia commonly found in areas subjected to mechanical or chemical stress? True or False?

A. True

Are stratified epithelia generally specialized primarily for rapid diffusion? True or False?

B. False

Epithelial cells adapted to move material along their apical surface usually have what?

B. Cilia

What do microvilli primarily do?

B. Increase surface area for absorption

What do cilia primarily do?

B. Move substances across the cell surface

Can epithelial cells regenerate through cell division? True or False?

A. True

Which junction prevents substances from leaking between neighboring cells?

B. Tight junction

Which junction allows neighboring cells to communicate directly?

B. Gap junction

What are gap junctions made up of?

C. Connexons

Which junction provides strong mechanical attachment between cells?

C. Desmosome

If a chemical damages the proteins between epithelial cells, which junction was most likely damaged?

D. Tight junction

Do gap junctions allow direct communication between adjacent cells? True or False?

A. True

Which gland secretes products into ducts?

B. Exocrine

Which gland releases hormones into the bloodstream?

B. Endocrine

Which mode of secretion releases the product through exocytosis without destroying the cell?

C. Merocrine

Which mode of secretion involves the loss of part of the cell?

B. Apocrine

Which mode of secretion involves destruction of the entire secretory cell?

C. Holocrine

What type of secretion do salivary glands primarily use?

C. Merocrine

What methods are involved in milk production by mammary glands?

D. Merocrine and apocrine

Do sebaceous glands use holocrine secretion? True or False?

A. True

What type of cells produce connective tissue fibers?

B. Fibroblasts

Which protein fiber provides tensile strength?

B. Collagen fiber

What are elastic fibers primarily composed of?

B. Elastin

What do elastic fibers provide tissues with?

B. Distensibility and elasticity

If elastic fibers could still stretch but lost their elasticity, what would happen to the tissue?

B. Stretch but not return to its original shape

Which connective tissue primarily stores triglycerides?

D. Adipose tissue

What does reticular connective tissue form?

B. Internal framework for liver, spleen, and lymph nodes

Which connective tissue has cells suspended in a fluid matrix?

B. Blood

What is lymph classified as?

B. Fluid connective tissue

Is areolar tissue classified as connective tissue proper?

A. True

What characterizes fibrocartilage?

B. A dense network of collagen fibers and relatively little ground substance

What do ligaments connect?

B. Connect bone to bone

What do tendons connect?

B. Connect skeletal muscle to bone

Are ligaments generally stretchier than tendons? True or False?

A. True

Does bone heal faster than cartilage? True or False?

A. True

Which type of cartilage is commonly found where strong support and resistance to compression are needed?

B. Fibrocartilage

Which cartilage contains a dense network of collagen fibers?

B. Fibrocartilage

What tissue contains cells suspended in a matrix containing dissolved proteins?

C. Lymph

Is blood considered connective tissue? True or False?

A. True

Is lymph considered connective tissue? True or False?

A. True

Which muscle cells contain the contractile proteins actin and myosin?

C. Skeletal

Which type of muscle is voluntary?

C. Skeletal

Which muscle tissues are striated?

C. Skeletal and cardiac

Which muscle tissue is involuntary and found in walls of many organs?

C. Smooth

What connects cardiac muscle cells?

B. Intercalated discs

What do intercalated discs contain?

A. Gap junctions and desmosomes

What regions connect cardiac muscle cells with specialized attachment sites?

D. Intercalated discs

Can skeletal muscle cells contain multiple nuclei? True or False?

A. True

Is all striated muscle voluntary? True or False?

B. False

If skeletal muscle is replaced by dense irregular connective tissue after an injury, what happens to the muscle's ability to contract?

C. Decrease

Which tissue is specialized for communication and electrical signaling?

B. Nervous

Where is nervous tissue found?

D. In the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Is all nervous tissue located in the brain and spinal cord? True or False?

B. False

What primarily constitutes the skin?

B. Epidermis and dermis

Which layer of skin is superficial?

C. Epidermis

What contains most of the skin's blood vessels?

B. Dermis

What is the epidermis primarily composed of?

C. Epithelial tissue

Which epidermal layer contains the deepest epidermal cells and melanocytes?

E. Stratum basale

What is the correct order of major epidermal layers from deep to superficial?

B. Basale → spinosum → granulosum → lucidum → corneum

What is the final epidermal layer injured by a splinter on the palm nearly reaching the stratum basale?

E. Stratum basale

Which epidermal layer is composed of dead, keratinized cells?

D. Stratum corneum

What is dandruff primarily composed of?

B. Stratum corneum

What type of burn affects only the epidermis?

A. First-degree

What type of burn destroys only superficial epidermal cells?

A. First-degree

Where are capillaries supplying the epidermis located?

D. Papillary dermis