Engineering Midterm study

Engineering Design Process (EDP)

A systematic, iterative process that helps solve human needs.

EDP and Scientific Knowledge

Scientific knowledge and mathematics are used to solve practical design problems.

Trade-Off

A compromise made between competing design requirements.

Constraints

Identified limitations on the design of a product or system.

Reverse Engineering

Deconstructing a finished product, system, or program to understand how it was designed or operates.

Advantages of Reverse Engineering

Analyze design, gain competitive advantage, and identify weaknesses.

Engineering Design Journal (EDJ)

Documents the engineering design process.

Design Portfolio

A collection of work used to communicate and document designs.

Sketches

Drawings used to communicate design ideas.

Schematics

Diagrams used to communicate how a system is arranged or works.

Design Principles

Principles used to evaluate flexibility, balance, function, and proportion.

Prototype

A physical model used to test a design.

Modeling

Creating a representation of a product or system.

Mathematical Modeling

Simulating how a proposed system might behave using mathematics.

Statistics

The process of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data.

Mean

The average.

Median

The middle value.

Mode

The most frequent value.

Range

The difference between the highest and lowest values.

Input

Resources that flow into a system.

Examples of Inputs

People, time, materials, capital, tools, machines, energy, and information.

Output

The result of a system.

Examples of Outputs

A sent email, lights turning on, or a car stopping when the brakes are pressed.

Feedback

Information returned to a system so it can adjust its function and efficiency.

Examples of Feedback

A download progress bar, a washing machine adjusting water levels, or a phone vibrating.

Subsystem

A smaller, self-contained system within a larger system.

Examples of Subsystems

A joystick within a controller or gears within a bike.

Nine Core Technologies

Technologies that are part of larger technological, social, and environmental systems. They Are:
• Biotechnology

• Electrical technology

• Electronic technology

• Fluid technology

• Materials technology

• Mechanical technology

• Optical technology

• Structural technology

• Thermal technology

Fluid Technology

Uses fluids or liquids to apply force or transport materials.

Examples of Fluid Technology

Hydraulic lifts, brakes, and pneumatic tools.

Optical Technology

Uses light for information, collection, storage, retrieval, processing, and communication.

Examples of Optical Technology

Lasers, telescopes, and fiber optics.

Simple Machines

Devices that reduce the effort needed to move a load or complete work.

Six Simple Machines

Wheel and axle, pulley, lever, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.

Fulcrum

The pivot point that helps a lever move objects.

Direct Current (DC)

Electrons flow in one direction, from negative to positive.

Indirect Current

As described in the review, electrons can flow in either direction.

Insulators

Materials that prevent the flow of electrons.

Examples of Insulators

Rubber, plastic, and glass.

Resistor Symbol

An electrical symbol representing a resistor.

Array

Creates and distributes copies of objects.

Revolve

Creates a 3D solid or surface by spinning a 2D profile around an axis.

Fillet

Rounds corners or connects two intersecting lines.

Extrude

Turns a flat 2D shape into a 3D object by extending it along a path.

Offset

Creates concentric or parallel objects from a selected segment.

Chamfer

Bevels the edges of objects.

Diameter Dimension

Measures circles or holes.

Radius Dimension

Measures arcs.

Horizontal/Vertical Dimensions

Measure straight-line distances parallel to the X or Y axis.

Aligned Dimensions

Measure the true length of an object or distance between two points at any angle.

Angular Dimensions

Measure the interior or exterior angle between lines or three points in degrees.

What does this image represent?

Battery

What does this image represent?

LED

What does this image represent?

Transistor