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Kinetic Molecular Theory

Gas is composed of high-velocity particles moving in all directions.

Temperature

Measure of the average kinetic energy of gas particles.

Volume

Amount of space occupied by gas particles.

Pressure

Force exerted by gas particles on the walls of the container.

Boyle's Law

Relationship between pressure and volume of a gas.

Charles's Law

Effect of temperature on the volume of a gas.

Absolute Zero

The lowest theoretically attainable temperature.

Gay-Loussac’s Law

Relationship between temperature and pressure of a gas.

Avogadro's Law

Volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles.

Ideal Gas Law

Relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.

Carbohydrates

Most abundant class of organic compounds in organisms.

Monosaccharides

Basic unit of carbohydrates, simple sugars.

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.

Polysaccharides

Long chains of monosaccharide units, a type of carbohydrate polymer.

Lipids

Biomolecules containing fatty acids, hydrophobic tails, and hydrophilic heads.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids without carbon-carbon double bonds.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

Trans-Fatty Acids

Formed through hydrogenation, unhealthy fats.

Cholesterol

Most abundant steroid in animal tissues.

Triacylglycerols

Most abundant lipids, stored forms of energy.

Esterification

Reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid forming an ester.

Chemical Reaction

Process where atoms rearrange to form new substances.

Color Change

Observable change in color during a chemical reaction.

Temperature Change

Heat release or absorption during a chemical reaction.

Evolution of Gas

Production of gas during a chemical reaction.

Precipitation

Formation of a solid insoluble substance during a chemical reaction.

Combination Reaction

Two or more reactants forming a more complex substance.

Decomposition Reaction

Compound breaking down into simpler compounds or elements.

Single Replacement Reaction

More active element replaces a less active element in a compound.

Double Replacement Reaction

Exchange of ions between two compounds forming new compounds.