HN Eng II exam term 1

Foil characters in All the Light We Cannot See

Marie-Laure LeBlanc and Reinhold von Rumpel

Foil characters in Maus

Vladek and Artie

Foil characters in 1984

Winston and Julia

Foil characters in Twelve Angry Men

Jurors 3 and 8

-Dynamic Characters develop over time, aren't stuck in their ways, and grows as a person

-Static Characters don't really change or grow, and they usually stay the same the entire time

Dynamic vs. Static Characters

An image or object that stands for a meaning that is not its literal meaning. It could define a character, contribute to the theme/emotion.

Symbol

An object, image, element, or idea that is presented over and over again throughout the story. It could be concrete or abstract, and it can also tell a specific message or reinforce a particular theme.

Motif

Hints or clues that show what is to come later on in the story

Foreshadow

A style in the arts that involves a particular set of characteristics

Genre

In literature everything is written for a reason. These purposes are usually either to inform, persuade, or entertain.

Author's Purpose

It is an important idea that is woven throughout the story and it links a big question to the plot. It is also a broader version of moral and it is a lesson or a message that you can apply

Theme

-A Utopia is fiction that takes place in an idealized world in a perfect society. The word itself means "good/no place", and conflict is eventually created because of human flaw and error.

-A Dystopia is an imaginary place or condition in which everything is as bad as possible. It usually portrays society being taken about in the absolute wrong way. It is speculative, and it imagines little hope of a good/positive outcome.

Utopia vs Dystopia

-Mood: The overall atmosphere or emotional feeling that a piece of writing creates in the reader. (ex: tense or hopeful)

Tone: The writer's attitude or perspective on the story's subject, characters, or events (ex: sarcastic of serious)

Mood vs Tone

a way to describe something by saying it is something else, even though it's not literally true, to create a vivid image or help explain a complex idea

Metaphor

-A Hero is the main character that has to overcome conflicts and trials. They often exhibit goodness and upstanding morals, and they go on either a literal or figurative journey that requires them to use their skills and knowledge

-A Tragic Hero has heroic traits that earn the sympathy of the audience, but also have flaws or make mistakes that ultimately lead to their own downfall.

Hero vs Tragic Hero

A type of expository writing/essay. It explains a topic, situation, or aspect of something

Literary Analysis

instructions in italics or parentheses that describe actions, settings, character movements, and emotional states for characters

Stage Directions

the spoken words and conversation between characters, written in a specific format to convey their thoughts, advance the plot, and reveal their voices.

Dialogue

List the plot of ATLWCS:

-Exposition - Flashforward of St. Malo. Marie is in Paris as a child and Werner builds radios with Jutta.

-Inciting Incident - German invasion of Paris 1940

-Rising Action - Werner goes to school and war, Marie-Laure lives with Uncle Etienne and Madame Manec

-Climax - Marie and Werner meet! Von Rumple invades the house and is killed.

-Falling Action - Werner helps Marie escape and Marie is reunited with Etienne.

-Resolution - Jutta and Marie meet, Marie walks with her grandson

Who are the protagonists of ATLWCS?

Marie-Laure, Werner, Daniel Leblanc, Jutta, FrauElena

Who is the antagonist of ATLWCS?

Von Rumpel

Etienne

-Marie-Laure's great uncle who lives in Saint-Malo

-He helps Marie-Laure by hiding her in his house and protecting her during the war

-Over time, he becomes more brave and finds strength to face his fears to help others

Madame Manec

-Lives in Saint-Malo

-Kind, brave, strong

-Takes care of Marie-Laure during the war

-Part of the resistance (fights against the nazis)

Daniel LeBlanc

-Marie-Laure's father who is kind and loving

-Works as a locksmith in a museum in Paris

-He cares a lot about his daughter and does anything to keep her safe especially since she is blind; he built models so she knows her way around

Where does ATLWCS take place? (There are multiple places)

Saint-Malo France, Paris France, Germany, and the Atlantic Ocean

Why would Daniel and Von Rumple be willing to risk their lives for the Sea of Flames? How does this comment on what we should prioritize?

They believe the diamond is very valuable and powerful. Daniel wants it to protect his family, and von Rumpel wants it for his own gain because he has cancer. This shows that they value material things and personal desires over safety and others' lives. it suggests we should prioritize the invisible, intangible "light" of life—love, kindness, and human connection—over material wealth and ego-driven survival

Are Marie-Laure and Werner were Jewish?

No

What are the fates of Marie-Laure and Werner?

Marie-Laure survives the war and lives in Paris after it ends. Werner dies by a land mine.

Describe the connection between Werner, Jutta, and Etienne

Werner and Jutta are siblings; They are connected through the radios because Werner and Jutta listen to and use radios to communicate, and Etienne also uses radios to help the resistance. So, the radios link all of them during the war.

Describe the connection between Von Rumple and Daniel

They are connected by the Sea of Flames. Von Rumpel becomes obsessed with having the diamond, because it's supposed to grant immortality to its owner. He searches for it which leads him to Daniel who has been hiding the diamond before going to Paris with Marie-Laure. Von Rumpel tracks Daniel because he is the only thing in the way of the diamond

Von Rumple, Marie, and Werner

They are connected by the diamond because Von Rumpel is searching for the diamond, Marie-Laure has it, and Werner is connected to the story through his involvement with the war and radios

What is the author's purpose of ATLWCS?

mainly to inform and entertain and it shows how people try to survive and find hope during difficult times like World War II. It also wants to help readers understand the experiences of those affected by the war.

What is a potential theme of ATLWCS?

the power of hope and kindness outweigh darkness and despair during hard times

How does ATLWCS portray WWII and the Holocaust?

by showing how ordinary people and families are affected by the war. It highlights the suffering, fear, and loss experienced by characters on both sides. It also shows acts of kindness and hope in times of darkness, helping readers understand the human side of these historical events.

What are radios a symbol of in ATLWCS

a symbol of connection and hope

What is the Sea of Flames of symbol of in ALTWCS

a symbol of luck and desire for power

What is 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea a symbol of in ATLWCS

a symbol of hope and connection to the past

What are Waves (light and sound) a symbol of in ATLWCS

a symbol of communication and unseen connections

What are Model Houses/Keys a symbol of in ATLWCS

a symbol of safety and control

What are Peaches a symbol of in ATLWCS

a symbol of comfort, innocence, and hope

List the plot of Maus:

-Exposition - 1958 memory of not having friends help him. Wants to make a comic of his dad's WWII experience (1968)

-Inciting Incident - Outbreak of WWII

-Rising Action - Moving around during the War

-Climax - Anja and Vladek are captured and taken to Auschwitz.

-Falling Action - Artie learns his dad burned his mom's diaries

-Resolution - Artie leaves, calling his dad a murder

Describe Artie

son of Vladek, caring and curious

Describe Vladek

survivor of the holocaust, stubborn, caring

Describe Anja

Vladek's wife, Artie's mom, survivor of the holocaust, wanted to keep her family safe during difficult times, kind and gentle

Describe Mala

Vladek's second wife, tries and helps Vladek but their marriage is full of ups and downs

Describe Richieu

Vladek and Anja's first son, died during the holocaust

Describe Francoise

Artie's wife , supportive and caring, helps Artie deal with his memories from his fathers experiences, provides emotional support

How does Spiegelman use personification in Maus?

By portraying different groups of people as different kinds of animals

Cats

Germans and Nazis or the aggressors and oppressors during the holocaust; they show the danger and cruelty they created

Mice

The Jews; they are shown as small and vulnerable just like how cats chase mice, the Nazis chased the jews

Pigs

the Polish; they either help or betray the jewish people; the pigs show different perspectives during the holocaust

Frogs

the French; they helped hide the jews and resist the Nazis

Dogs

the Americans; they saved the Jewish prisoners

Describe the relationship between Artie and Vladek? Did they ever grow?

They love each other but they often argue and misunderstand each other. Artie wants to know everything about his father but Vladek is stubborn and is often worrying about money because he did not have a lot when he was younger. He also has ptsd from the war and does not like talking about it a lot. They grew a little closer after they learned to understand each other's feelings.

What is Artie's purpose of illustrating and publishing his father's story?

He wants to make a comic of his dads WWII experience

Where does the story of Maus take place on Artie's timeline?

New York City

Where does the story of Maus take place on Vladek's timeline

Poland; he went to many different camps like Sosnowiec and Auschwitz

What does the Burning of Anja's diaries symbolize in Maus?

Artie called his dad a murderer for burning the diaries and Artie' felt guilt over her suicide and he felt a sense of losing his mother's true story

List the plot of 1984:

-Exposition - We learn Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, he lives in Oceania, and is controlled by the Party whose leader is Big Brother.

-Inciting Incident - We see how much Winston hates Big Brother and the Party as he begins to rebel against the Party by buying a journal and writing in it and he meets Julia who he thinks is a member of the Thoughtpolice.

-Rising Action - Winston starts rebelling with Julia and they meet up in different locations like the apartment over the junkshop, the grass field, and the top of a church tower to rebel. They meet O'Brien who says he is a member of the Brotherhood and lets them join.

-Climax - They are caught by a secret telescreen in the apartment and brought to the Ministry of Love where they are tortured and questioned by O'Brien and eventually brought to room 101 where they betray each other.

-Falling Action - They are released from the Ministry of Love but are redefined by the Party and have no individual thoughts. They eventually run into each other and say they betrayed each other but have no interest in talking to one another again.

-Resolution - Winston is at the Chestnut Tree Cafe where he sits drinking and playing chess thinking about his love for Big Brother.

Describe Winston:

39 year old man and a member of the outer party who works in the ministry of truth. His job is rewriting history to make sure the party is always correct. Winston is rebellious and rebels in ways like being with Julia and writing in his diary.

Describe Julia:

26 year old female and she is a member of the outer party who works in the fiction department. She has dark hair and freckles. Julia is a part of the junior anti-sex league but participates in sexual activity with many other party members as an act of rebellion. Julia does not care about being part of a rebellion like Winston does, she mostly prefers rebelling when it benefits her

Describe O'Brien:

Member of the Inner Party. He manipulates Winston into trusting him by convincing him that the brotherhood is real and that he should join it. However, O'Brien is actually a loyal party member and part of the thought police and does not want to help Winston.

Describe Parsons:

Member of the Outer Party and Winston's neighbor. He is not very smart but is good with physical work. He is a very devoted Party member and his 2 children are Party spies who eventually turn Parsons in to the thought police. However, he is very proud of his kids and is glad they turned him in.

Describe Syme:

Member of the Outer Party whose job is to help create the Newspeak dictionary. The Newspeak dictionary is used to stop citizens from being able to commit thoughtcrime. He does believe in the Party and loves his job but he is also very smart and ends up being vaporized.

Describe Mr. Charrington:

At first he is described as an elderly shopkeeper who is poor and will do anything for money. He sells Winston the coral paperweight and lends his upstairs apartment to Julia and Winston. We find out at the end of the book that he is a part of the Thoughtpolice and is the one who catches Winston and Julia.

Describe Big Brother:

The face of the Party and has dark eyes and a mustache. He is featured on posters all over the city to show that "Big Brother is always watching you." The Party uses Big Brother to create fear in the citizens and make them always obey the Party.

Goldstein:

The leader of the Brotherhood. All of the Oceania citizens are trained to hate Goldstein and he is usually the main focus of the 2 minutes hate which makes the citizens scream and yell things at him. We do not find out if the Brotherhood or Goldstein is real in the book.

What do the slogans of WAR IS PEACE. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH. SLAVERY IS FREEDOM symbolize in 1984

These are the Party slogans that contradict each other and are not true based on what someone would normally think. This shows how the Party manipulates the citizens of Oceania into believing everything they say. These slogans also show the control the Party has over the citizens.

What does the term God is Power symbolizes in 1984

This is a motif throughout the whole book because the Party has completely eradicated all religion and has total control over the citizens. This is showing how since the Party has all of the power they view themselves and Big Brother as "god."

What do the telescreens symbolize in 1984

The telescreen is a symbol of the Party's constant surveillance on the citizens. This is important because it keeps the Party in control by making the citizens think that the Party is always watching them. This helps enforce the rules of Big Brother as well.

What does the coral glass paperweight symbolize in 1984

This coral glass paperweight symbolizes the beauty of the past. When Winston first finds this paperweight he is fascinated by it because it has no purpose. He sees it as a part of history the Party forgot to replace. He also sees it as a symbol of hope that he could go back to the way things were before the Party.

What do dreams symbolize in 1984

Winston's dreams throughout the book symbolize his longing for the past, his guilt and his desire for freedom. In his dreams he thinks about what the world was like before the Party. This helps explain why Winston is constantly trying to find out more about the best throughout the book.

What does St. Clement's Church (the church and the song) symbolize in 1984

This song represents Winston's longing for how life used to be and the sense of community that the Party has destroyed. This is important because the telescreen that gets Winston and Julia caught is hidden behind a picture of St. Clements church

What does the slogan 2+2=5 symbolize in 1984

This slogan represents the total control the Party has over the citizens. Throughout the book we see this phrase repeated to Winston and he can not prove that it isn't true. This shows how the citizens have to believe everything the Party says because they don't have any evidence to prove it isn't true.

What does Goldstein's book symbolize in 1984

This book represents the thought that there could be a rebellion against the Party but it will always be just out of reach. For example, when Winston is reading the book he does not finish all of it but constantly thinks that it is just telling him things he already knows. He understands the how, just not the why. This shows how he gets so close to rebelling against the Party but is caught before he can actually do anything, like he is caught before he can understand the why.

What does the Chestnut Tree Cafe and song symbolize in 1984

The Chestnut Tree Cafe symbolizes losing to the Party because it is filled with ex Party members who tried to rebel but failed and now have no individual thought. The song symbolizes this as well as betrayal because of the lyric, "I sold you, and you sold me." This is a representation of how Winston and Julia betrayed each other and how that was the one thing they didn't want to do which shows how the Party ultimately defeated them.

What is Newspeak?

The language of Oceania that is being used to eliminate all thoughtcrime by making it impossible to have independent thought.

Who is in the Inner Party vs. the Outer Party?

Inner Party: the elite ruling class who has access to things like turning off the telescreen, wine, and coffee.

Outer Party: the middle working class who live under constant surveillance harsher conditions.

What's a Prole?

The lowest class who mainly do work with their hands and are not very smart.

Where does Winston live?

Victory mansions in London in Oceana

Describe the Two Minutes Hate?

Daily events in Oceania where the citizens watch videos on the telescreen and scream and get all of their anger out on things like the country they are currently at war with or primarily Goldstein.

What does the Ministry of Plenty lie about increasing? Why?

Chocolate because they wanted to keep people hopeful and distracted so the people think that the Party is getting better even though it is not.

What's Winston's greatest fear?

Rats

Who is Katharine?

Winston's wife, who he parted ways with after they could not make a child. She was a devoted party member and Winston says that she was the dumbest person he had ever met.

Describe Julia and Winston's relationship.

They used each other as a way to rebel against the Party and they meet up to do that but eventually get to know each other a little bit.

What might be concerning the Parsons' kids?

They are very attentive and want to be Party spies so they are constantly trying to accuse people of different crimes.

How does Orwell allude to the anti-Semitism of WWII in this novel?

Goldstein is said to have looked Jewish at the beginning of the novel and he is portrayed as the bad guy.

How does the Ministry of Love look? What does Winston appear like here? Describe Room 101 and explain its significance.

It's all white walls with no windows and telescreens on every wall. Winston was tortured in the Ministry of Love and was very thin, had less teeth, and had less hair. Room 101 is where Winston is faced with his greatest fear and finally loses his last bit of himself by betraying Julia.

What is "the place where there is no darkness"? When does this idea first arise?

Room 101 at The Ministry of Love. It arises in a dream of Winston's where O'Brien tells him they will meet in a place with no darkness.

What does the telescreen pick up on Winston's face?

A twitch in his cheek and looks of unhappiness with the Party.

Describe Mr. Charrington's shop and room.

His shop is kind of old and run down and the room is small with one bed that has bugs and rats and a picture of St. Clements church which we find out hides a telescreen.

Propaganda vs Persuasion.

Propaganda uses manipulation and plays on emotions to make you feel a certain way. Propaganda is forced upon you until you feel a certain way about a certain topic or thing and the information used can be biased. Persuasion is a less harsh way to convince others. Persuasion also does not suppress people, and although it is used to influence people to feel a certain way, it does not make people feel a certain way.

What's the tone of Winston's diary entry? How can you tell?

His diary entry is rushed because he is scared, frustrated, and wants to rebel but he is too scared to. We know this because at the end of the entry his grammar gets worse and he starts repeating words. He also starts writing "DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER" over and over at the end of the page.

What is Hate Week? Why does Winston work 90 hours that week?

It is a week-long period of time where posters are put up all over Oceania to hate their enemy. Winston works for 90 hours because during Hate Week Oceania switches from being at war with Eurasia to Eastasia. So they have to change everything that said they were at war with Eurasia which there was a lot of.

What holds Winston and Julia back from fully committing to the Brotherhood?:

They did not want to risk of never seeing each other again

Which countries from today's world make up Oceania?

England and the United States

What does Winston mean when he says he understands the how but not the why?

He understands the reasons for how situations happen, but he does not understand why they are even happening to begin with and what the reason was for them.

What is a theme of 1984?:

Totalitarian control leads to lack of freedom and increase in chaos.

What is the Newspeak word for Ministry of Love and what is it

Miniluv, and it is law, torture, and order

What is the Newspeak word for Ministry of Truth and what is it

Minitrue, and it is propaganda, altered history, and control of information