Practical 1: Anatomical Terms, Planes, Regions, Bone Histology, Cranial & Facial Bones

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering directional terms, body planes, regional terminology, abdominopelvic divisions, bone histology structures, and cranial and facial anatomical landmarks.

Anterior (Ventral)

Toward the front of the body.

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward the back of the body.

Superior

Toward the top.

Inferior

Toward the bottom.

Medial

Closer to the midsagittal line (nearer to midline).

Lateral

Away from the midsagittal line (away from midline).

Deep

Toward the inside.

Superficial

Toward the outside.

Proximal

Closer to the body.

Distal

Further from the body.

Rostral

Toward the forehead.

Caudal

Toward the cauda equina.

Supine

Lying on the back.

Prone

Lying on the front.

Sagittal Plane Movements

Movements limited to the right or left side of the body, such as flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion.

Frontal Plane Movements

Movements limited to a lateral direction (side-to-side, up-and-down), such as abduction, adduction, inversion, and eversion.

Transverse Plane Movements

Movements limited to rotation or vertical twisting, such as pronation, supination, medial/lateral rotation, and neck rotation.

Orbital

Pertaining to the eye socket.

Buccal

Pertaining to the cheek.

Oral

Pertaining to the mouth.

Occipital (Regional)

Pertaining to the back of the skull.

Deltoid

Pertaining to the shoulder.

Antecubital

Anterior to the elbow.

Brachial

Pertaining to the arm.

Axillary

Pertaining to the armpit.

Digital

Pertaining to the fingers or toes.

Scapular

Pertaining to the shoulder blade.

Cervical

7 vertebrae closest to the head.

Thoracic

12 vertebrae connected to ribs.

Lumbar

5 vertebrae in the low back.

Sacral

5 fused vertebrae connected to the pelvis.

Inguinal

Pertaining to the groin.

Umbilical

Pertaining to the belly button.

Abdominal

Below the chest and above the pelvis.

Pubic

Near the pubic bone.

Sural

Pertaining to the calf.

Popliteal

Pertaining to the posterior knee.

Gluteal

Pertaining to the buttocks.

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel of the foot.

Femoral

Pertaining to the thigh.

Patellar

Pertaining to the knee cap.

Abdominopelvic Regions

The nine anatomical divisions: Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac, Hypogastric, and Left iliac regions.

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

The four clinical divisions: Right upper quadrant (RUQ), Left upper quadrant (LUQ), Right lower quadrant (RLQ), and Left lower quadrant (LLQ).

Osteon

The repeating structural unit of compact bone tissue.

Lacuna

A small cavity or space in bone tissue containing an osteocyte.

Canaliculi

Tiny hair-like canals connecting lacunae to each other and to the central canal in bone tissue.

Periosteum

A tough membrane covering the outer surface of bone.

Sharpey's Fibers

Perforating fibers that secure the periosteum to the underlying bone tissue.

Concentric Lamellae

Rings of calcified matrix surrounding the central canal of an osteon.

Circumferential Lamellae

Lamellae that extend around the entire outer or inner circumference of compact bone.

Interstitial Lamellae

Incomplete lamellae located in the spaces between osteons.

Volkmann's Canal

Transverse or perforating canals running perpendicular to the long axis of bone, carrying blood vessels and nerves.

Haversian Canal (Central Canal)

The longitudinal canal running through the center of an osteon, containing blood vessels and nerves.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells located inside lacunae.

Endosteum

Membrane lining the inner medullary cavity and internal spaces of bone.

Nuchal Line

A ridge located on the posterior surface of the occipital bone.

What is G?

Zygomatic Process :A projection of the temporal bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone.

What is F?

Mastoid Process: A prominent projection of the temporal bone located posterior to the external auditory meatus.

What is A?

frontal bone

What is B?

Parietal Bone

What is C?

Sphenoid Bone

What is D?

Temporal Bone