2.4 Population Dynamics

Flashcards covering key vocabulary, demographic rates, formulas, and population growth concepts from the lecture notes.

Demography

The study of human populations and population characteristics.

Agglomeration

A mass or collection of things, or clustering.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The gross number of live births for every 1,000 people.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children born to women of child-bearing age (typically 6-7 children in LDCs and 1-2 children in MDCs).

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The gross number of deaths for every 1,000 people.

Replacement Rate

The average number of children required per woman to maintain population levels, defined as 2.1 babies per woman.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Child Mortality Rate (CMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among children between 1 to 5 years old.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR / RNI)

The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a specific period ($\text{Birth Rate} - \text{Death Rate}$), excluding gains and losses through migration.

Demographic Balancing Equation

An equation used to calculate total population: $TP = OP + B - D + I - E$, where $TP$ is total population, $OP$ is original population, $B$ is births, $D$ is deaths, $I$ is immigration, and $E$ is emigration.

Demographic Momentum

The tendency for growing populations to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution.

Doubling Time

The projected number of years it would take for a population to double its size at its current growth rate.

Rule of 70

A formula used to calculate doubling time by dividing 70 by the annual growth rate percentage.

Life Expectancy (Longevity)

The average number of years an individual can expect to live based on current conditions.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of people who are not economically productive (under 15 or 25, or over 60 or 65) and must be supported by those who are economically productive (ages 15-64).