research methods/ scientific

What is the benefit of an approach being highly scientific

Highly scientific

HQD = empirical and objective and replicablility - this sl allow formation of theory construction - from hypothesis that is good and strong to then test it and form effective interventions and treatments

Behaviourist

What are the studies

What is the application and what ar the research method stuff/

Highly scientific so al the HQD stuuufff

Lab experiment

Controlled

Carefully constricted experiments to test hypothesis

Objective measurements - cause and effect - skinner clearly able to determine what reinforcement schedules influences animals behaviour

Studies - skinnne box and animals studies (overreliance - generalisable??) and little Albert (empiricsism )

Application - o. Conditioning - token economy but limited to context (limits validity of interventions and treatments)

Explaining phobias/ treating phobias

SLT

Studies

Application

Research methods

Scientific - controlled experiments

BANDURAS STUDY - lab studies - lack ecological validity - responding to demand characteristcs?

Used to explain human aggression - application ( video games aggressive exposure to children seeing role models being rewarded for being aggressive - debate on if media influences aggression levels in children)

Biological

Studies

Application

How does it compare to humanistic

Highly scientific (cause and effect unlike humanistic which just relies on correlation)

Easily tested and replicable - HQD build reliable theories like OCD AEXPALINED through low levels of seretonin

Application - OCD treatments like SSRIs and antidepressants increase seretonin and help people day to day?

May not be as bjective (Bennett’s study of dead fish and false positive) - methods lack validity

Studis - brain scans/ twin studies and adoption studies

Cognitive

Highly scientific

Theories that have good predictive power

Objective - highly controlled - able to infer cognitive processes - inferences -(abstract and theoretical?) and artificial stimuli used (lack ecological validity?)

Cognitive neuroscience - enable biology and cognitive to come together and enhance scientific basis of approach )

Studies- baddleey and hitch/ word lists - artificial?

Application - treats depression - CBT AND ABCDEF

Psychodynamic

Less scientific

Relies on untestable concepts like id,ego and superego

Not empirical (cant see unconscious - lacks objectivity ) lacks HQD - LACKS reliable theory contraction and good explnations and valid explanations - not made as affective

Studies - case studies (little Hans ) difficult to falsify

Clinical interviews - qualitative data

Application - psychoanalysis - heavily criticised as data is cultural bias and biased towards men

Treatment - not as effective and lack validity

Humanistic

Least scientific

Qualitative data - case studies

Cultural bias - not universal explanation

Reject scientific models trying to uncover general laws

Applicationn -client centred therapy - critiques for not being more than active listening so nothing special

Methods - systematic methods - Q SORT

Subjective experience - lacks objective = lack HQD - untestable theories - reduce reliability