S1 Matter and Chemical Reactions

Matter

all substances are made of this

3 states of matter

solid, liquid and gas

Change of state

a substance changes from one state to another, e.g. liquid to gas

Soluble

a substance which can be dissolved

Solvent

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved

Solute

a solid which can be dissolved, e.g. salt and sugar are soluble in water

Insoluble

a substance which cannot be dissolved

Solute

a solid dissolved in a solvent

Solvent

the liquid part of a solution

Solution

a solute dissolved in a solvent

Concentration

the mass of solute in a volume of solvent

Concentrated

a solution with a lot of solute present

Dilute

a less concentrated solution

Saturated Solution

where no more solute will dissolve

Filtering

where solids in a liquid are separated through filter paper

Filtrate

the liquid which passes through filter paper when filtering

Residue

the solid which is left in the filter paper when filtering

Evaporation

when a liquid turns into a gas without boiling

Distillation

separating a mixture of liquids by boiling where the gases pass up a column which condense and can be collected

Condensation

change in state from a gas to a liquid

Chromatography

substances are separated on their solubility as they move in a solvent through a material such as paper

Chemical reactions

make new chemicals

Physical change

a substance changing state or texture but not changing chemically

Catalyst

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but does not get changed chemically in the reaction

Enzyme

a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction but doesn't get used in the reaction