Seminar in Nursing exam 2

cardio

heart

brady/tady

slow/fast

angio

vessel

veno/phlebo

vein

stasis

to stop

cyte

cell

hemia/emia

blood

Cephalo

head

encephalo

inside the head

meningo

membrane sorrunding the brain and spinal cord

myelo

spinal cord

nuero

nerve

dys

diffcult, painful, abnormal

cele

hernia, abnormal protrustion of a structure out of normal position

plasia

development, formation, and growth

plegia

paralysis

pathy

disease, abnormality

gastro

stomach

hepato

liver

chol/e

gall/bile

cysto

bladder, sac

emes/o

vomit

lith/o

stone

lapar/o

abdominal wall

centesis

to puncture

tripsy

to crush

Rhin/o

nose

Laryng/o

voice box

Trache/o

Trachea “Wind Pipe”

Branch/o

'“Lung airway passageway”

Pne/u-Pnea

“Breath, Air, Lung”

Pulmo/o

Lung

Ptysis

Spitting (Coughing)

Plasty

Reconstruction

rrhea

flow, discharge

Iasis(-osis)

Abnormal condition

What is the meaning of diversity and inclusion in health care?

Diversity:

A diverse nursing work force will better equipped to serve a diverse patient population.

-Strong connection between culturally diverse nursing work force ability to provide quality, culturally compenent care.

-essential for progress toward health equity

Inclusion:

-People should feel respected, welcomed, heard, and able to participate.

Culture

Intergration of human behaviours including communication, language, actions, beliefs, values, customs, and institutions of racial, religious, social, and ethnic groups

Culture awareness

ability to investigate and understand differences between perceptions, beliefs, and traditions, and values within nurse’s own culture as well as culture’s different from their own.

Culture Compentence

Developing knowledge and skills for caring effectively across cultural differences

Culture Humility

-ongoining self reflection of bias and power differences and willing to learn from the person rather than assuming expertise from them

What does Culture, Culture Awareness, Culture Compentence, and Culture Humility all have in common?

-Aim to improve communication, trust, and foster respectful inclusive relationships across diverse populations

Theory of culture care diversity and universality

-Developed by Madaline Leinger

-Assists nurses in planning and providing culturally approiate nursing care.

-Purpose nurses will encounter clients will all types of different backgrounds as part of transcultural nursing care.

Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler

• a cultural assement tool provides visuals potrayal of elements within her larger theory to assist health care provides culturally care that enchances the health and well being of clients.

The ethnic model (Explanation)

Explanation- Explore the person’s understanding of illness or health concern

The ethnic model (Treatments)

Ask if the person is using alternative treatments outside of the healthcare system.

The ethnic model (Healers)

Are there any other people you can go to for help or advise about your health?

-Family members, respected community members, traditional leaders, and religious leaders

The ethnic model (Negotiate)

How can we develop a plan that respects your beliefs but also adresses health needs

Intervention (The Ethnic Model)

Develop a mutually acceptable plan of care that incorporates the patients beliefs and practices that are safe and feasible.

Colllaboration (The ethnic model)

work with patients, family, interpreters, community resources, and other members of the health care team.

Health equity

is defined as obtaining highest level of health for individuals

Health equality

is distribution of same resources, including opporunities, to all individuals within a population.

Differences between equity and equality

Equity- everyone gets the support they need.

Equality- everyone benefits from the same resources this is equal treatment.

Health disparities

are differences in aceess to and the quality of health care in different populations

example: people who live in poorer rural areas

Vunlunerable Populations

Groups of people at higher risk for poor outcomes from barriers.

example: immigrants and older adults

Social determinants of health

The conditions where people are born, grow, work, learn, and worship and age that influences their opportunities to achieve and maintain good health

(Lep) The standard of care for patients with limited english proficiency

is to identify the patient’s preferred language, ask about their communication preferences, and see if a medical interpretator is needed.

Collaboration

cooperation among health care professionals from various disciplines who bring knowledge, skills, and attiudes from their profession to provide optimal care for the client

Interprofessional teams

two or more professional work together improve access and coordination of health care services

Benefits of working in teams

-Improved access to and coordination of health care services.

-Greater efficiency of client referral and client care services.

-Increased quality of community health services.

-Decrease in complications, length of stay, sentinel events, mortality and staff turnover.

Quintruple AIM

-Safety

-Quality

-A better patient experience

-Improved efficiency

-Professional team well being

-Health equity

What are the core comptenticies for interprofessional collaboration

-Values/interprofessional: Work together with mutual respect and shared values.

-Roles/Reponsibilities-shared acknowledgment of each participating team member’s roles and abilities.

Interprofessional communication- communicate in a responsible manner that supports a team approach.

Teams and Team Work- apply relationships of building values and principles of team dynamics.

What are role of nurses in interprofessional practice?

-Recongnition of changes in condition.

-Patient and Family preferences

-Coordination of care

-Communication across settings and shifts

-Advocacy

-Patient education

-Safety surveillance

What does SBAR stand for and how is it used communication and reflective practice

Situation

Background

Assement

Reccomendation

-Provides a framework for communication between members of the health care team about the patient’s condition

Psychological safety

is a team environment in which people can ask questions, admit uncertainity, identify mistakes, and express concerns without fear of humilation or punishment.

Why is psychological safety so important

-Prevents medical errors: staff feel comfortable pointing out or questioning medical errors

Flatten heiracrchies- a noice or medical student can comfortable voice a concern to a senior nurse, consultant, etc.

Accerlates team learning- Teams debrief after clinical failures to build a culture of reflection

Reduces burnout and turn over- higher job sastifaction

Boost innovation- collaboration leads to better ideas, better treatment plans

What are some important principles of negotiation and conflict resolution?

Conflict- pause, ask and listen understand perspective, seek common ground and solutions evaulate and agree on the next steps.

Negotation-

listen before proposing solutions

indentifiying the interest rather than defending the position

respect differences

find shared goals

offering options

comprise when appropriate

knowing when patient safety is non negtioable

What are some overaching basic concepts of ethics in nursing and health

-Systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, and good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing.

Nursing ethics is formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing and of analysis used by nurses to make and evaluate ethical judgements.

-Morals provide standards of behaviour that guide the actions of an invidual or social groups and are established rules of conduct to be used in situations where a decision rights and wrong must be made.

-Values: understand the personal values and those of the clients provides clarification of each other’s perceptations.

Statoury Law

-Laws passed by legislative bodies. Outline the general scope of practice, licensure requirements, disciplinary authority, mandatory reporting laws, laws about controlled substances, HIPPA

Administrative Law

rules and regulations that specify how statutory laws will be carried out

Civil Law

Disputes between individuals or orginazations

Criminal Law

offenses against society

Scope of practice

what is a nurse legally permitted and professionally prepared to do.

Neglience

failure to act as reasonable prudent a person would act

Malpractice

Neglience committed by a professional who is performing professional responbilities

Intentional tort

civil wrong resulting from an intentional act

Quasi intentional

civil war where a person did not necessarily inteded to cause harm

Intentional tort (Assault)

causing fear of an unwanted physical contact

Intentional Tort(Battery)

Intentional physical contact without consent

Quasi Intentional Harm(Defamation)

Communication that harms another person’s reputation

Quasi Intentional harm (Invasion of Privacy)

-Improper disclosure or exposure of private patient information

Good Samartian law

protects when you help in an emergency

-you must offer assistance voluntarily without pay or reward.

-act in good

-if the victim is conscious ask for permission before helping

-reasonable care: match what a reasonable person with your level of training would do

Core ethical principles(Autonomy)

Respect your patients right to make informed decisions

Core ethical principles(Benefience)

acting to promote the patient well being

Core ethical principles(Non Malefience)

avoiding or mimizing harm

Core ethical principles(Justice)

treating individuals fairly and addressing inequites

Core ethical principles(Fidelity)

Keeping commitments and mataining professional responsibilities.

Core ethical principles(Veracity)

Communicating truthfully

Atherclerosis

hardening of the arteries due to formation of fatty plaques lining the blood vessels

Myocardial infraction

blockage occurs in one of the arteries a coronary artery leading to a heart attack

angina pectoris

pain in the chest due to not getting enough blood in the heart muscle

arryhtymia/dysrythmia

means no rhythm or abnormal rhythm

Ischemia

not enough blood

mitral prolase

falling forward, if valve tears due to disease

mitral stenosis

a narrowing

mitral regutation

leakage and backforward flow

Cardiologist

physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the circulatory system especially the heart

Hematologist

a physican specializing in diseases of the blood

Echocardiography

using ultra high frequency sounds to form an image inside the heart

Cardiacctherization

a long hollow tube threaded into an artery up into the heart used to identify blockage and location in coronary circculation