Pain Management

Factors Influencing Pain Perception & Response

previous pain experience
anxiety/depression
culture
age
gender

OLDCARTS

Onset
Location
Duration
Characteristics
Aggravating/Alleviating
Radiating
Timing
Scale

nociceptive pain parts

visceral and somatic

neuropathic pain parts

CNS & PNS

nociceptive pain patho

Damage to or inflammation of tissue other than that of the peripheral and central nervous systems

neuropathic pain patho

From abnormal or damaged pain nerves, abnormal processing of painful stimuli

neuropathic pain treatment

antidepressants and anticonvulsants

FLACC Behavioral Scale

used for infants
face, legs, activity, cry, consolability

PAINAD scale

Patients whose dementia is so advanced that they cannot verbally communicate

POSS scale

measures sedation level after opioid administration

opioid side effects

Respiratory depression
Drowsiness/confusion
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Urinary retention
Pruritus (Itching)

PCA

Device that allows the client to control the delivery of intravenous or subcutaneous pain medication in a safe, effective manner through a programmable pump

how to treat breakthrough pain?

short acting opioids