Educational Psychology Exam 2

Microsystem

school, family and friends

Mesosystem

connection b/w school and family

Exosystem

friends of family, media, neighbors

Macrosystem

cultural ideals and attitudes

Chronosystem

Sociohistorical conditions of dev.

Authoritarian parenting

A restrictive and punitive parenting style in which there is little verbal exchange between parents and children; this style is associated with children’s social incompetence

Authoritative parenting

A positive parenting style that encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions, allows extensive verbal give-and-take, and is associated with children’s social competence.

Conventional reasoning

Stage 3: good interpersonal relationships. child is good to be seen as good to others

Stage 4: maintaining wider rules of society. obey rules to avoid guilt. law, justice, duty

Ecological theory

Bronfenbrenner’s theory that development is influenced by five environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.

hidden curriculum

Dewey’s concept that every school has a pervasive moral atmosphere even if it does not have a program of moral education.

Identity diffusion

The identity status in which individuals have neither explored meaningful alternatives nor made a commitment.

Identity foreclosure

The identity status in which individuals have made a commitment but have not explored meaningful alternatives.

Identity moratorium

The identity status in which individuals are in the midst of exploring alternatives but have not yet made a commitment.

Identity achievment

The identity status in which individuals have explored meaningful alternatives and made a commitment.

indulgent parenting

A parenting style that includes parental involvement but places few limits or restrictions on children’s behavior; linked with children’s social incompetence.

justice perspective

A moral perspective that focuses on the rights of the individual; Kohlberg’s theory is a justice perspective.

Montessori Approach

An educational philosophy in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire.

moral development

Development with respect to the rules and conventions of just interactions between people.

neglectful parenting

A parenting style of uninvolvement in which parents spend little time with their children; associated with children’s social incompetence.

preconventional reasoning

stage 1: child is good to avoid punishment

stage 2: children recognize there’s not just one view that is handed down

Golden Rule

postconventional reasoning

stage 5: social contract and individual rights

stage 6: universal ethical principles

self esteem

the individual’s overall conception of herself or himself

social conventional reasoning

Focuses on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus to control behavior and maintain the social system

domain theory of moral development

Theory that moral development includes the domains of social knowledge and reasoning.

social conventional reasoning

focuses on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus to control behavior and maintain the social system.

cognitive moral education

An approach to moral education based on the belief that students should value things such as democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops; Kohlberg’s theory has served as the foundation for many cognitive moral education efforts.

service learning

A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.

emotions

Feelings, or affect, that occur when an individual is engaged in an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being.