Economics, Maslow's Hierarchy, and Electoral Principles Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering core economic goods and needs, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, parliamentary mandates, and the five fundamental principles of voting.

Bedarf (Demand / Economic Need)

A need for which one has the ability to pay.

Individuelles Bedürfnis (Individual Need)

A need belonging to a single person (e.g., new shoes).

Kollektivbedürfnis (Collective Need)

A need shared by many people (e.g., public roads).

Produktionsgut (Capital / Producer Good)

A good utilized by an enterprise to perform work (e.g., printer paper).

Immaterielles Gut (Intangible Good)

Something that cannot be physically touched (e.g., a service).

Komplementärgüter (Complementary Goods)

Goods that belong together and are used in combination (e.g., a printer and printer cartridge).

Substitutionsgüter (Substitute Goods)

Goods that can be exchanged or substituted for one another (e.g., butter and margarine).

Wertschätzung (Esteem - Maslow's Hierarchy)

Level 4 in Maslow's hierarchy of needs: recognition and respect.

Selbstverwirklichung (Self-Actualization - Maslow's Hierarchy)

Level 5 in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, located at the very top of the pyramid.

Überhangmandat (Overhang Mandate)

Occurs when a political party wins more direct constituency mandates (Direktmandate) than it is entitled to receive based on its second-vote share (Zweitstimmenergebnis).

Ausgleichsmandat (Leveling / Compensation Mandate)

Additional parliamentary seats that previously served to balance out the distribution of seats among political parties.

Mandat (Parliamentary Mandate)

A seat in parliament held by a person.

Wahlgrundsatz: Allgemein (Universal / General Suffrage)

The voting principle establishing that all eligible voters are permitted to vote.

Wahlgrundsatz: Unmittelbar (Direct Suffrage)

The voting principle establishing that parliamentary representatives are elected directly.

Wahlgrundsatz: Frei (Free Suffrage)

The voting principle establishing that individuals may vote freely without coercion.

Wahlgrundsatz: Gleich (Equal Suffrage)

The voting principle establishing that every vote carries equal weight and counts equally.

Wahlgrundsatz: Geheim (Secret Ballot)

The voting principle establishing that no voter is required to disclose or reveal for whom they voted.