reproductive system

Human reproductive system

Enable to produce off spring, continuation of life, active after puberty producing sex cell (sperm-egg)

Male reproductive system

Responsibile for producing, storing and delivering sperm to female during fertilization. Work with hormonal system to ensure healthy sperm and male hormone

Main organ

• Penis,external and erect when arouse,transferred sperm during intercourse

• Testicle,two oval shape in scrotum,produce sperm and secrete testerone

• Scrotum,pouch of skin to hold/protect testes,regulate temperature

• Epididymis,long coiled tube attach to back testis,store sperm temporary

Supporting organ

• vas deference, muscular tube connect epididymis to urethra,transport sperm

• Seminal vesicles, two small glands behind bladder,nourished sperm and form part of semen

• Prostate gland,below bladder,produce think milky alkaline nourish and transport sperm

• Cowper glans, below prostate gland, secrete mucus to lubricate the urethra

• Urethra,tube in penis, passage for urine and sperm to exit

Female reproductive system

Produce egg, receive sperm, provide suitable environment for fertilization, embryo development and childbirth

Main organ

1. Ovaries-two small oval shape each side uterus,produce egg and secretes estrogen/progesterone

2. Oviduct-two narrow tube,transport egg,fertilization occur here

3. Uterus-hollow pear shaped muscle,nourished environment for egg grow into embryos

4. Cervix-narrow lower part of uterus,produce mucus that block or help sperm entry

5. Vagina-outside, a canal,receive penis and sperm

Function

1. Eggs production

2. Site of fertilization

3. Development of embryo

4. Menstrual cycle regulation

5. Childbirth

Menstrual cycle

• Discharge of blood

• 3-7 days period

• Adult women spans 28 days cycle

• Prepare for pregnancy

Menstruation phases

1. Menstruation, if no pregnancy, the lining sheds

2. Follicular phase (1-13), FSH stimulate ovary follicle to mature and become egg, it secrete estrogen to repair and thicken lining

3. Ovulation (day 14), LH surge trigger ovulation,stimulated formation of corpus luteum which secretes estrogen,progesterone

4. Luteal phase (15-28) if egg fertilized,it implants to uterus,start pregnancy. If not,hormone level drop, then shedding and cycle again

Hormones in women

• FSH =stimulate maturation of follicles in ovaries to secrete estrogen

• LH =trigger ovulation and stimulate formation of corpus luteum, thay secretes progesterone and estrogen

• Estrogen =repair and growth of uterine line after menstruation,high concentration help release LH and FSH, low concentration prevent maturation

• Progesterone =promote thickening of uterine line,inhibit FSH, LH production

Factor that affect fertility

• Frequency of intercourse

• Timing

• STI

• Age of the women

• Age of men

• Life style

Disease in females

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome = weight gain, acne, excess hair growth > change life style,medication like birth control (regulate menstrual cycle) and metformin (improve insulin sensitivity,help weight loss)

2. Endometrial cancer = usually at age 45-55

3. Ovarian cancer = weight loss,fatigue,back pain

Male disorder

1. Testicular cancer = sudden shrink of a testicle,lump in testes,dull ache in lower abdomen

2. Erectile dysfunction

3. Prostate cancer