Exam 2 Review

Mirzoeff, DuBois, Fanon, Mulvey, Modleski, hooks, Butler, Lehner, Albers, Dungy, Berger, Katsan, Jafa, Campt, Cassilus, Embrick, Jackson, "Paris is Burning", and "Becoming an Image"

Main topics: DuBois

• “The Other World” - black people are “othered”

• Hopeful for solutions to the “n3gro problem”

  • poverty, lack of education and heritage, political corruption

• Double consciousness - 2 identities that can’t coexist socially (black and American)

• Born with a veil - black people sense of self comes from outside perspectives and lacks individuality

Key quotes: DuBois

“to be a coworker in the kingdom of culture”

Main topics: Fanon

• Black people are removed from their bodies and thought of as a skin color

• Black people are the only group that have to bear the weight of their history (slavery/colonization)

• Objectification and separation of body and self

Key Quotes: Fanon

• “Look, a N3gro!”

• “I found that I was an object in the midst of other objects”

Main Topics: Campt

• “Black Gaze” - how Black people look, are looked at, and want to be seen

  • Is a reclamation of authority for black people BY black people

  • forces people to acknowledge their biases

• Being both hyper visible and invisible

  • visibility DOES NO equal equality

Key quotes: Campt

“When looking at black people, you don’t just see the person”

Main topics: Jackson

• Usage of black trauma as a means of entertainment (Sweet Brown - nb got time for that)

• White and non-black people see out “black personas” to become famous

• Creates mental turmoil for the black people constantly being exposed to the media

Key quotes: Jackson

“America is addicted to hurting black people”

Main topics: Embrick

• Areas in which white supremacy is quietly upheld

  • Museums reinforce the idea of white superiority and other races being primitive

• POC are present in the workings of museums but not as curators

  • they are the security guards/means of upholding the white sanctuary

• Space and place - racism in geographical and physical senses

  • can be used to liberate or contain communities (think artifact placement)

Key Quotes: Embrick

Main topics: Interview w/ Jafa and Campt

• Black people have a special relationship with art (think dance!)

• Black bodies in art are usually found within proximity to violence or harm

• Reimagination of the black gaze

• Who gets to own blackness? Who gets access?

Main topics: Mirzoeff

• Whiteness is a series of learned behaviors - projection of thoughts

• Monohumanism → white culture/reality is the only one that matters

• White gaze → reinforced by statues, museums, national parks, etc

• Can be fixed

Main topics: Katsan

• Skin color is a social construct

  • Asians went from white to yellow when they no longer fit the norms and desired of white people

• Shared humanity can be given or taken away

• Significance of seeing color

• Racism is a tool → allows some group to do the classification/have the power

Key quotes: Katsan

“Yellow peril”

Main topics: Love is the Message, the Message is Death - Jafa

• Significance of black people in entertainment industry → minimized

  • dance and sport

• Police brutality and violence shots juxtaposed with happy, lighthearted ones

• Speeds up as the video continues → feelings of desperation by the black community

Main topics: Dungy (poem)

• Commodification of female bodies

  • begins at a young age, children are ushered into this system

• Looking as a predatory action

• Lack of agency

  • lady asks, men just do

Main topics: Berger

• Women have to be aware of their appearance and how all of their actions might be conveyed while men do not

• Nudism vs Nakedness

• Women are always subjected to beauty vs non beauty

  • affects the way they are treated and thought about

• Objectification of women

Key quotes: Berger

• “Men act and women appear”

• Men are determined by what they do, women are determined by what can be done to her (paraphrase)

• “The surveyor and the surveyed”

Main topics: Albers and Cassil (artist)

• Trans/gender non conformity

• Dark room, beating up clay

  • “othering'“ and spotlight on trans people

• Takes back control

  • trans person is the subject BY CHOICE and cameraman has no say

• Computers and binary way of living

Key quotes: Albers

“…some subject are overly seen…made visible to the point that they oppress particular demographics”

Main topics: Modleski

• Soap operas

  • never ending and never resolved

  • repetitive but ever-changing

• Creates a gender release due to the never resolved issues within gender performance

  • is liberating for women to be free from the “perfect family” dynamic

• Creates a maternal gaze

Key quotes: Modleski

“Women at home watching others and finding no completion”