Purposive Communication, Language Varieties, Multimodal Texts, and Globalization

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering varieties of English, language registers, bias-free language, Grice's conversational maxims, multimodal text evaluation, and communicative competence in globalized settings.

The style or level of formality of language chosen based on the situation, audience, relationship, and communicative purpose.

Language Register

A style of communication used in professional, academic, official, or serious contexts, such as business letters, research papers, reports, and job interviews.

Formal Register

A semiformal level of interaction used when professional information is being exchanged, such as between a student and professor or a doctor and patient.

Consultative Register

An informal language register used among friends, classmates, and peers that frequently incorporates slang, contractions, colloquialisms, and shortened words.

Casual Register

A highly informal communication style reserved for close family members or romantic partners, characterized by nicknames, codenames, and private expressions.

Intimate Register

The practice of shifting between two or more languages or language varieties within a single context or communication exchange.

Code Switching

Specialized language or technical terminology developed and used by a particular profession or group that may be difficult for outsiders to understand.

Jargon

Clear and objective communication that deliberately avoids stereotypes and generalizations regarding gender, ethnicity, race, age, or disability.

Bias-Free Language

The Australian English lexical term for afternoon.

Arvo

The British English term for a billboard.

Hoarding

The Australian English term for candy or sweets.

Lollies

The British English term for a liquor store, which is referred to as a bottle shop in Australian English.

Off License

A Philippine English term meaning to kill or execute someone, contrasting with American English where salvage means to save or recover damaged property.

Salvage (Philippine English)

A Philippine English term abbreviated as CR, used to refer to a restroom or bathroom.

Comfort Room

A Philippine English term used to denote car theft or grand theft auto.

Carnap

Grice's conversational maxim requiring an interlocutor's responses to be relevant to the topic and contextual setting.

Maxim of Relation

Grice's conversational maxim stating that speakers should give the right amount of information—neither too much nor too little—and observe a fair share of talk time.

Maxim of Quantity

Grice's conversational maxim emphasizing that statements must be truthful, accurate, and grounded in evidence rather than false or exaggerated.

Maxim of Quality

Grice's conversational maxim emphasizing clarity, orderly structure, appropriate tone, and respectful word choice in conveying a message.

Maxim of Manner

A framework for effective cross-cultural communication consisting of Acknowledging communication style differences, Bilevel processing (verbal and nonverbal), and Clarifying doubtful understandings.

Luis's ABCs of Intercultural Communication

Colloquial shortcut words (e.g., wanna, gonna) that suggest excessive informality and a potential lack of professional appreciation in workplace settings.

Slang

A shortened term created from the initial letters of a phrase and pronounced as a single word, such as ASAP, AWOL, or IMO.

Acronym

A text that integrates two or more semiotic systems (linguistic, visual, audio, gestural, and spatial) to construct meaning.

Multimodal Text

The study of meaning-making that analyzes signs and symbols as essential components of human communication.

Semiotics

The semiotic mode in multimodal texts consisting of explicit written or spoken words and language structure.

Linguistic System

The semiotic mode in multimodal texts involving physical or visual layout, positioning, and structural arrangement to guide viewer focus.

Spatial System

An active reading process beyond basic comprehension that evaluates arguments, examines text credibility, and identifies strengths and weaknesses.

Critical Reading

An active psychological thinking process that analyzes speech content to judge truth, authenticity, logical flow, and supporting evidence.

Critical Listening

A main idea or central claim that is overtly and directly stated in the text using orthographic features like complete sentences or clauses.

Explicit Main Point

A main idea that is covertly expressed and must be inferred from visual layout, graphics, or sound effects.

Implicit Main Point

A digital text formatting style that structures information into distinct blocks linked electronically through clickable paths.

Hypertext

The practice of independent citizens reporting timely news directly to large audiences using digital and social media tools.

Citizen Journalism

The underlying system of knowledge and practical skill needed to function effectively and adapt communication across various social contexts.

Communicative Competence

The dimension of communicative competence covering lexical knowledge, sentence structure, and rules of language mechanics such as subject-verb agreement.

Grammatical Competence

The ability to produce socially appropriate language by accounting for context, participant relationships, and communicative intent.

Sociolinguistic Competence

The capacity to connect individual ideas and sentences smoothly using transitional devices and pronouns to achieve discourse coherence and cohesion.

Discourse Competence

The deployment of coping mechanisms to initiate, maintain, repair, or redirect communication when breakdowns or word-retrieval issues occur.

Strategic Competence

A psychological framework and attitude that enables a person to interpret scenarios from multiple cultural, social, and personal perspectives.

Global Mindset

The empathetic ability to project oneself into another's mind to share thoughts, feelings, and emotions through shared communication symbols.

Unfolding the Self

The ability to contrast cultural differences and adapt one's style to function effectively within a rapidly changing global environment.

Mapping the Culture

The practice of cultural adroiteness that allows one to interact respectfully with individuals from other cultures without violating their norms.

Aligning the Interaction

Young individuals born into the technology era (from 1999–2000 onwards) who naturally speak the digital language of computers and internet tools.

Digital Natives

Adults born prior to the widespread adoption of digital technology who adapt to technological environments while retaining non-digital communication habits.

Digital Immigrants

Computer-mediated communication that is crafted to be perceived as more socially desirable than face-to-face communication.

Hyperpersonal Communication

The structural transformation and evolutionary change of communication media forms over time.

Mediumorphosis