Arthropod Orders

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33 Terms

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Order Protura

  • Non-Insect/Entognatha Hexapoda

  • Proturans

  • 500 species (#24)

  • minute

  • Lives in the soil

    • Sucking mouthparts

  • Does not have

    • Eyes

    • antennae

    • wings

    • tracheae

  • Styli on 1st 3 abdominal segments

  • anamorphosis

    • More body segments get added during development


<ul><li><p><strong>Non-Insect/Entognatha Hexapoda</strong></p></li><li><p>Proturans</p></li><li><p>500 species (#24)</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>minute</p></li><li><p>Lives in the soil</p><ul><li><p>Sucking mouthparts</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Does not have</p><ul><li><p>Eyes</p></li><li><p>antennae</p></li><li><p>wings</p></li><li><p>tracheae</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Styli on 1st 3 abdominal segments</p></li><li><p>anamorphosis</p><ul><li><p>More body segments get added during development</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Collembola

  • Non-Insect/Entognatha Hexapoda

  • Springtails

  • 6,000 species (#10)

  • Minute, tubular or globose

  • Chewing mouthparts

  • Ocelli w/ no compound Eye

  • Detritivores - fungi-eating

  • Synapomorphies

    • Ventral tube

    • Furcula and retinaculum


<ul><li><p><strong>Non-Insect/Entognatha Hexapoda</strong></p></li><li><p>Springtails</p></li><li><p>6,000 species (#10)</p></li><li><p>Minute, tubular or globose</p></li><li><p>Chewing mouthparts</p></li><li><p>Ocelli w/ no compound Eye</p></li><li><p>Detritivores - fungi-eating</p></li><li><p>Synapomorphies</p><ul><li><p>Ventral tube</p></li><li><p>Furcula and retinaculum</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Diplura

  • Non-Insect/Entognatha Hexapoda

  • 800 species (#19)

  • soil-dwelling detritivores

  • Chewing mouthparts

  • Cerci resemble forceps

  • no eyes


<ul><li><p><strong>Non-Insect/Entognatha Hexapoda</strong></p></li><li><p>800 species (#19)</p></li><li><p>soil-dwelling detritivores</p></li><li><p>Chewing mouthparts</p></li><li><p>Cerci resemble forceps</p></li><li><p>no eyes</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Archaeognatha

  • Insecta/ Entognatha

  • Jumping bristletails

  • 513 species (#23)

  • more distantly related to pterygota than zygentoma

  • Large compound eyes, 3 ocelli


<ul><li><p><strong>Insecta/ Entognatha</strong></p></li><li><p>Jumping bristletails</p></li><li><p>513 species (#23)</p></li><li><p>more distantly related to pterygota than zygentoma</p></li><li><p>Large compound eyes, 3 ocelli</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Zygentoma

  • Insecta/ Entognatha

  • Bristletails, silverfish, firebrat

  • 560 Species (#22)

  • sister to pterygota

  • small and teardrop-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened

  • ground dwelling; feed on starches

  • Chewing mouth parts

  • compound eyes, ocell

  • Abdominal styli

  • aestiger of locomotor appendages


<ul><li><p><strong>Insecta/ Entognatha</strong></p></li><li><p>Bristletails, silverfish, firebrat</p></li><li><p>560 Species (#22)</p></li><li><p>sister to pterygota</p></li><li><p>small and teardrop-shaped, dorsoventrally flattened</p></li><li><p>ground dwelling; feed on starches</p></li><li><p>Chewing mouth parts</p></li><li><p>compound eyes, ocell</p></li><li><p>Abdominal styli</p></li><li><p>aestiger of locomotor appendages</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Ephemeroptera

  • Paleoptera

  • Mayflies

  • 3,240 species (#15)

  • Small to medium'; fragile, soft bodied

    • Aquatic, chewing nymphs

      • Mainly herbivores, algivorous

      • Abdominal gills

    • Non-feeding adults

  • Wings vertical at rest

    • front triangular

    • Hind smaller

  • Abdomen with cerci and caudal filament (Not always there)

  • Synapomorphy: Subimasc stage



<ul><li><p><strong>Paleoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Mayflies</p></li><li><p>3,240 species (#15)</p></li><li><p>Small to medium'; fragile, soft bodied</p><ul><li><p>Aquatic, chewing nymphs</p><ul><li><p>Mainly herbivores, algivorous</p></li><li><p>Abdominal gills</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Non-feeding adults</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Wings vertical at rest</p><ul><li><p>front triangular</p></li><li><p>Hind smaller</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Abdomen with cerci and caudal filament (Not always there)</p></li><li><p>Synapomorphy: Subimasc stage</p></li></ul><p></p><p></p>
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Order Odonata

  • Paleoptera

  • Dragonflies and damselflies

  • 5,899 species (#11)

  • Medium to very large, elongated

  • Predators

    • Aquatic nymphs

      • mask

    • Aerial hunting adults

      • Basket legs

  • Paleopterous, many-veined wings

    • Stigma - colored wing cells

  • Large compound eyes

  • Short bristles - like antennae


<ul><li><p><strong>Paleoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Dragonflies and damselflies</p></li><li><p>5,899 species (#11)</p></li><li><p>Medium to very large, elongated</p></li><li><p>Predators</p><ul><li><p>Aquatic nymphs</p><ul><li><p>mask</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Aerial hunting adults</p><ul><li><p>Basket legs</p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>Paleopterous, many-veined wings</p><ul><li><p>Stigma - colored wing cells</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Large compound eyes</p></li><li><p>Short bristles - like antennae</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Suborder Anisoptera

  • Paleoptera

    • Odonate

  • Dragonflies

  • Wings held laterally at rest

  • Strong fliers

  • Hindwings broader

    • Unequal wings

  • Nymphs

    • stout

    • Rectal respiration, jet propulsion - Shoots out butt

  • Attack from below

    • Land mine attack

    • High success rate


<ul><li><p><strong>Paleoptera</strong></p><ul><li><p>Odonate</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Dragonflies</p></li><li><p>Wings held laterally at rest</p></li><li><p>Strong fliers</p></li><li><p>Hindwings broader</p><ul><li><p>Unequal wings</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Nymphs</p><ul><li><p>stout</p></li><li><p>Rectal respiration, jet propulsion - Shoots out butt</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Attack from below</p><ul><li><p>Land mine attack</p></li><li><p>High success rate</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Zygopters

  • Paleoptera

    • Odonate

  • Wings held dorsally at rest

  • Weaker flies

  • Wings equal in size

  • Nymphs

    • Slender

    • 3 terminal gills

  • Attacks Head on


<ul><li><p><strong>Paleoptera</strong></p><ul><li><p>Odonate</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Wings held dorsally at rest</p></li><li><p>Weaker flies</p></li><li><p>Wings equal in size</p></li><li><p>Nymphs</p><ul><li><p>Slender</p></li><li><p>3 terminal gills</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Attacks Head on</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Plecoptera

  • Polyneoptera

  • 3,743 Species (#14)

  • Small to medium, elongated, flattened

  • Aquatic Nymphs

    • Chewing mouthparts

    • Tracheal gills

      • Often thorax and abdomen

    • Well-aerated streams

    • Stony bottoms

    • Mostly herbivores

  • Adults

    • Usually non feeding

    • Found near water

    • Hindwings larger


<ul><li><p><strong>Polyneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>3,743 Species (#14)</p></li><li><p>Small to medium, elongated, flattened</p></li><li><p>Aquatic Nymphs</p><ul><li><p>Chewing mouthparts</p></li><li><p>Tracheal gills</p><ul><li><p>Often thorax and abdomen</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Well-aerated streams</p></li><li><p>Stony bottoms</p></li><li><p>Mostly herbivores</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Adults</p><ul><li><p>Usually non feeding</p></li><li><p>Found near water</p></li><li><p>Hindwings larger</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Orthoptera

  • Polyneoptera

  • Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids

  • 23,855 species (#6)

    • Most diverse polyneoptera

  • Saltatorial legs at 3

    • Jumping guys

  • Females usually w/well-developed ovipositor

  • Many stridulate

    • Hear w/ tympanic organs of legs 1

  • Important agricultural pests

    • Many herbivores


<ul><li><p><strong>Polyneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids</p></li><li><p>23,855 species (#6)</p><ul><li><p>Most diverse polyneoptera</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Saltatorial legs at 3</p><ul><li><p>Jumping guys</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Females usually w/well-developed ovipositor</p></li><li><p>Many stridulate </p><ul><li><p>Hear w/ tympanic organs of legs 1</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Important agricultural pests</p><ul><li><p>Many herbivores</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Dermaptera

  • Polyneoptera

  • Earwigs

  • >1,978 Species (#19)

  • Forceps-like cerci

  • Ear-shaped hindwings

    • Folded like fan under the tegmina

  • Omnivores

    • Often nocturnal

  • Maternal Care

    • Roosting


<ul><li><p><strong>Polyneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Earwigs</p></li><li><p>&gt;1,978 Species (#19)</p></li><li><p>Forceps-like cerci</p></li><li><p>Ear-shaped hindwings</p><ul><li><p>Folded like fan under the tegmina</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Omnivores</p><ul><li><p>Often nocturnal</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Maternal Care</p><ul><li><p>Roosting</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Blattodea

  • Polyneoptera

  • Cockroaches and termites

  • Cockroaches

    • 7,314 species (#10)

    • Small to very large

    • Generalized orthopteroids

    • Mainly tropical omicores

    • Hoodlice pronotum

    • Fenestrae instead of ocelli - thin spots that make windows

    • Eggs in chitinous ootheca or live-born

      • Made of an exoskeleton to be kept w/ them

  • Termites

    • 2,300 Species

    • Wings absent or 2 similar pairs

    • Eusocial - like bees

    • Eat cellulose (Wood)

    • Earthworms of deserts


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Order Mantodeas

  • Polyneoptera

  • Mantids

  • 2,400 species (#17)

  • Predators

    • Raptorial, spiny forelegs 1

      • Elongated Cozae

    • Elongated prothorax

    • Highly movable triangular head

      • Eyes are far apart so they can focus on prey and get a better distance

  • Eggs in “foam” ootheca

    • Like cockroaches

    • Hard but light structure, made of bubbles


<ul><li><p><strong>Polyneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Mantids</p></li><li><p>2,400 species (#17)</p></li><li><p>Predators</p><ul><li><p>Raptorial, spiny forelegs 1</p><ul><li><p>Elongated Cozae</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Elongated prothorax</p></li><li><p>Highly movable triangular head</p><ul><li><p>Eyes are far apart so they can focus on prey and get a better distance</p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>Eggs in “foam” ootheca</p><ul><li><p>Like cockroaches</p></li><li><p>Hard but light structure, made of bubbles</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Phasmatodea

  • Polyneoptera

  • (Walking stick/stick insects)

  • 3,014 species (#16)

  • Elongated, longest insects up to 30cm

    • Small prothorax

    • Long meso and meta

  • Cylindrical or leaf-like

  • Most wingless

    • Or, leaf-mimicking wing wings

  • Most tropical

  • Sluggish herbivores

    • Some parthenogenetic

      • 2 eggs in one

  • Phasmid eggs are often ant-dispersed

    • Ant think it fruit and take it home w/ them


<ul><li><p><strong>Polyneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>(Walking stick/stick insects)</p></li><li><p>3,014 species (#16)</p></li><li><p>Elongated, longest insects up to 30cm</p><ul><li><p>Small prothorax</p></li><li><p>Long meso and meta</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Cylindrical or leaf-like</p></li><li><p>Most wingless</p><ul><li><p>Or, leaf-mimicking wing wings</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Most tropical</p></li><li><p>Sluggish herbivores</p><ul><li><p>Some parthenogenetic</p><ul><li><p>2 eggs in one</p></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><p>Phasmid eggs are often ant-dispersed</p><ul><li><p>Ant think it fruit and take it home w/ them</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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New Order Mantophasmatodea

  • Polyneoptera

  • Gladiators or heel walkers

  • 15 species (Last place)

  • First new insect order since 1914

  • Wingless features similar to mantids and phasmids

  • Possible sister to Ice insects

  • They make love not sex


<ul><li><p><strong>Polyneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Gladiators or heel walkers</p></li><li><p>15 species (Last place)</p></li><li><p>First new insect order since 1914</p></li><li><p>Wingless features similar to mantids and phasmids</p></li><li><p>Possible sister to Ice insects</p></li><li><p>They make love not sex</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Embioptera

  • Polyneoptera

  • Webspinners

  • 463 Species (#24)

  • Silk glands in tarsis 1 (All stages)

  • Slender, very small w/ filiform antennae

  • Males winged, not females

  • Short, stout legs w/ greatly enlarged hind femorn

  • Live in colonies in silken galleries spun in leaf litters, under stone, in bark


<ul><li><p><strong>Polyneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Webspinners</p></li><li><p>463 Species (#24)</p></li><li><p>Silk glands in tarsis 1 (All stages)</p></li><li><p>Slender, very small w/ filiform antennae</p></li><li><p>Males winged, not females</p></li><li><p>Short, stout legs w/ greatly enlarged hind femorn</p></li><li><p>Live in colonies in silken galleries spun in leaf litters, under stone, in bark</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Psocodea

  • Paraneoptera

  • Lice, booklice, bark lice

  • Lice

    • >11,000 species (#8)

  • Booklice and bark lice’

    • >3,000 species


<ul><li><p><strong>Paraneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Lice, booklice, bark lice</p></li><li><p>Lice</p><ul><li><p>&gt;11,000 species (#8)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Booklice and bark lice’</p><ul><li><p>&gt;3,000 species</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Thysanoptera

  • Paraneoptera

  • Thrips

  • 5,684 species (#13)

  • Wings are fringed

  • Very fucking tiny


<ul><li><p><strong>Paraneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>Thrips</p></li><li><p>5,684 species (#13)</p></li><li><p>Wings are fringed</p></li><li><p>Very fucking tiny</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Hemiptera

  • Paraneoptera

  • True Bugs and Kin

  • 103,590 species (#5)

    • Most diverse Paraneoptera

  • Very morphologically diverse


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Suborder Heteropera

  • Paraneoptera

  • True Bug


<ul><li><p><strong>Paraneoptera</strong></p></li><li><p>True Bug</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Homoptera (Suborder Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha)

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Order Neuroptera

  • Endopterygota


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Megaloptera

  • Endopterygota


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Raphidioptera

  • Endopterygota

  • Snakeflies


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li><li><p>Snakeflies</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Coleoptera

  • Endopterygota

  • Beetles

  • #1 baby


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li><li><p>Beetles</p></li><li><p>#1 baby</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Mystery Endopterygote

  • Endopterygota

  • Strepsiptera

A weird life cycle

  • Hypermetamorphosis

  • Triungulin “wandering” larvae are produced viviparously by neotenic, maggot-like endoparasitic females. Males disperse to females and mate by traumatic insemination, rupturing the brood canal opening near head and prothorax


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li><li><p>Strepsiptera</p></li></ul><p>A weird life cycle</p><ul><li><p>Hypermetamorphosis</p></li><li><p>Triungulin “wandering” larvae are produced viviparously by neotenic, maggot-like endoparasitic females. Males disperse to females and mate by traumatic insemination, rupturing the brood canal opening near head and prothorax</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Hymenoptera

  • Endopterygota

  • Ants, wasps, and bees


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li><li><p>Ants, wasps, and bees</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Trichoptera

  • Endopterygota

  • Caddisflies


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li><li><p>Caddisflies</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Lepidoptera

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Order Diptera

  • Endopterygota

  • True Flies


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li><li><p>True Flies</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Mecoptera

  • Endopterygota


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order Siphonaptera

  • Endopterygota

  • Fleas


<ul><li><p><strong>Endopterygota</strong></p></li><li><p>Fleas</p></li></ul><p></p>