Motivation and Emotion

30 flashcards based on the lecture notes covering key concepts in motivation and emotion, including definitions, theories, and the functions of emotions.

What are emotions?

Emotions are subjective states of being that describe our current feelings.

How do emotions differ from moods?

Emotions are intense and occur in response to specific experiences, while moods are prolonged and less intense.

What are the six basic emotions identified by Paul Ekman?

Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Anger, Surprise, Disgust.

What are self-conscious emotions?

Emotions that require a sense of self and an understanding of societal norms, such as shame and guilt.

What triggers emotional experience?

Emotional experiences are influenced by physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal, and subjective experiences.

What is the James-Lange Theory of Emotion?

Emotions arise from physiological arousal; we feel fear because our body reacts.

What is the Cannon-Bard Theory?

Physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously but independently.

What does the Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory suggest?

Emotions are composed of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.

What is Lazarus’ Cognitive-Mediational Theory?

Emotions are determined by our cognitive appraisal of the stimulus.

What is the role of the amygdala in emotion?

The amygdala processes emotional information and plays a key role in fear and anxiety.

What is the function of emotions according to the lecture?

Emotions prepare us for action and help with survival, coping, motivation, memory, and communication.

What is the impact of emotions on cognition?

Emotional experiences can alter thought processes, such as attention.

What is meant by 'emotional dysregulation'?

Difficulty managing emotions, often resulting in overly intense reactions or impulsive behaviors.

What do polygraphs measure?

Polygraphs measure physiological changes like heart rate, breathing, and perspiration.

What are facial expressions in emotion?

Facial expressions are non-verbal cues that communicate emotional states.

What is the facial feedback hypothesis?

Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences; for example, smiling may enhance feelings of happiness.

What are cultural display rules?

Culturally specific standards that govern how emotions are expressed and displayed.

What emotions are designed to keep us safe?

Emotions like anxiety and anger help protect us from danger.

What influences emotional expressions across cultures?

Cultural factors determine how and when people express different emotions.

What are the signs of emotional dysregulation?

Overly intense emotions, impulsive behavior, and lack of emotional awareness.

What are examples of positive emotions that help us cope?

Gratitude and determination help us manage daily life challenges.

What are blended emotions?

Emotions that are not pure, where multiple feelings can occur simultaneously.

What is a significant factor in emotion regulation?

Cognitive and behavioral efforts to modify emotions can occur before or after emotions arise.

How do basic emotions differ from self-conscious emotions?

Basic emotions are universal, while self-conscious emotions require social understanding.

Why is it important to recognize emotions?

Recognizing emotions helps understand and facilitate social interactions.

What does emotional experience trigger?

An action tendency leading to behaviors consistent with the experienced emotion.

What is the physiological response to fear?

Fear can lead to increased heart rate, sweating, and goosebumps.

How can emotions communicate information?

Through facial expressions, body language, vocal tone, and behavior/actions.

What is the context of emotion recognition?

How people interpret and respond to emotional cues in different scenarios.

What can happen if someone avoids difficult emotions?

They may experience emotional dysregulation and trouble managing behavior.