Important Figures- APUSH Test 1

John Cabot

sails West as chartered by King Henry VII, finds canada

King Henry VIII

splits Europe from Catholic church (wants divorce) to create Anglican Church– Protestant Reformation

Martin Frobisher

sails to Canada for gold, finds iron pyrite (fools gold) (example of military adventure for New World)

Walter Raleigh

looks for gold, forms first colony in Roanoke → “lost colony”

King James

chartered Virginia company to get gold/iron

Edwin Sandys

elected treasurer of Virginia Company, reformed

Captain John Smith

comes to Americas to take military control– nobody wants and is sent back to England

William Berkeley

governor of Virginia, via King Charles I (disliked), elite of Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon

starts Rebellion, wants a new social elite, fights Natives but then shifts to the Jamestown elites

John Winthrop

first governor of Massachusetts Bay, wrote Model of Christian Charity

John Cotton

most respected and prominent Puritan minister

Roger Williams

Puritan dissenter who was banished from Mass. Bay (believed in freedom of religion/speech, separation of church & state) → founded Providence, RI

Anne Hutchinson

held Puritan meetings challenging theology + claimed she could see the inner spark of others→ charged with Arminianism + antinomianism (banished)

Massasoit

leader of the Wampanoags

Metacom (King Phillip)

leads Metacom’s war

John Sassamon

Anglicized Native killed by Wampanoags, English kill his killer

William Penn

given land to cancel father’s debt, creates large colony (Pennsylvania) founded on principles of Quakerism: a “holy experiment”

King James II

ally to Quakers, Catholic, tries to merge all of NE into Dominion of New England because hates Massachusetts, usurped by William of Orange in bloodless conspiratorial revolution

Edmund Andros

governor elected to lead Dominion of New England

William of Orange

Dutch, invited by Parliament in a conspiracy to take over England

John Locke

wrote a defense for the Glorious Rev., Two Treatises on Government

Benjamin Franklin

wrote Albany Plan

George Washington

21: surveys land in Ohio Valley for Virginia, builds Fort Necessity, first President

Gen. Edward Braddock

British officer sent to colonies to subdue fighting (F/I War)

John Campbell: Earl of Loudoun

another British sent to fight in the French and Indian

Marquis de Montcalm

French officer sent to fight the French and Indian

Machiavelli

developed a theory of politics and history and defined a republic

George Grenville

successor to Pitt appointed by George III as chancellor of the exchequer (treasury, head of gov’t)

Marquis of Rockingham

replaces Grenville, more colonial friendly (Pitt

Charles Townshend

Prime minister, more like Grenville, debt

John Dickinson

wrote ‘Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania’ and the Articles of Confederation

Sam Adams

wrote circular letter in Massachusetts Assembly

Paul Revere

made artwork of the Boston Massacre immortalizing the event

Lord North

Prime Minister after townshend, rescinds all Townshend Duties except for tea one + made Tea Act

General Thomas Gage

named governor of Massachusetts after Coercive Acts

Thomas Paine

wrote Common Sense

General Burgoyne

British general in Battle of Saratoga

Lord Cornwallis

British general forced to surrender at Yorktown

Abigail Adams

example of a Revolutionary woman who had a more public life: business decisions, run farms, etc.

John Dickinson

wrote the Articles of Confederation

Alexander Hamilton

main Federalists, calls for the Constitutional Convention, wrote most of the Federalist Papers

James Madison

writes the Virginia Plan, helped write Federalist Papers

William Patterson

wrote the New Jersey Plan