Test 2 (harder)

A resident suddenly has facial drooping, weakness in one arm, and trouble speaking. What should the STNA recognize and do?

Recognize the signs of a stroke using FAST and get emergency help immediately.

A resident says, “I can breathe fine sitting up, but I feel like I’m suffocating when I lie down.” What condition does this describe?

Orthopnea.

A resident with orthopnea is being prepared for bed. What position would most likely improve their breathing?

Upright or with the upper body propped up.

A bedridden resident has been in the same position for several hours. Why is repositioning important even if the resident says they are comfortable?

To prevent pressure injuries, skin breakdown, blood clots, respiratory complications, and other effects of immobility.

A resident spends most of the day in a wheelchair. How often should the resident be repositioned according to the study guide?

Every hour.

A resident has been on prolonged bedrest and now has decreased muscle strength. What complication of immobility does this suggest?

Muscle atrophy.

A resident has been in bed for a long period and develops a joint that cannot move normally because it has become stiff and shortened. What complication is this?

Joint contracture.

A resident’s skin is intact, but one area has a noticeable change in color over a pressure point. What stage of pressure injury is this most consistent with?

Stage 1.

An STNA notices that a resident’s skin folds are moist after bathing. What is the most appropriate action?

Clean and dry the skin folds thoroughly.

A resident is being moved higher in bed. Which action helps reduce friction and shearing?

Use a lift/draw sheet and avoid dragging the resident across the bed.

Why can raising the head of the bed increase the risk of shearing?

The patient’s skin can stay against the bed while the body slides downward.

A resident cannot safely bear weight during a transfer. What should the STNA do?

Use a mechanical lifting device according to the study guide.

An STNA attempts to manually lift a resident who cannot bear weight. Why is this inappropriate?

The resident requires a mechanical lifting device rather than a manual lift.

A resident has CHF and develops swelling in the legs and shortness of breath. What is the underlying problem described by the study guide?

Fluid is backing up.

A resident reports frequent nighttime urination, swollen legs, and shortness of breath. Which condition should the STNA recognize as a possible concern?

Congestive heart failure (CHF).

A patient is diagnosed with an atrial fibrillation. What type of problem is this?

A heart arrhythmia.

A patient has a myocardial infarction. What does this mean?

The patient has had a heart attack.

A resident has Parkinson’s disease. Which neurotransmitter is associated with the gradual loss described in the study guide?

Dopamine.

A patient has a tumor that is described as benign. What does this tell you?

The tumor is not cancerous.

A patient has a malignant tumor and later develops cancer in another part of the body. What term describes the spread?

Metastasis.

A female resident has pelvic support structures that have weakened, causing an organ to drop downward through the vagina. What condition does this describe?

Prolapse.

A resident suddenly loses a large amount of blood. What type of shock is most directly associated with this situation?

Hypovolemic shock.

A patient develops shock because of a severe infection. What type of shock is this?

Septic shock.

A resident has a serious chemical exposure. Where should the STNA look for information about the chemical’s hazards, handling, and emergency procedures?

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

An STNA is repositioning a resident. Which action is most appropriate?

Explain the procedure, protect privacy, use a lift/draw sheet, and make sure there are no wrinkles underneath the resident.

A resident begins having a seizure. Which action is appropriate?

Clear the surrounding area and protect the resident from injury.

During a seizure, a family member tries to hold the resident’s arms and legs still. Why should the STNA stop them?

The resident should not be restrained during a seizure.

A resident is experiencing severe bleeding. What is the priority action described in the study guide?

Apply direct pressure.

A person is choking and cannot speak, indicating a complete airway obstruction. According to the study guide, what should be done for an adult?

Alternate 5 back blows with 5 abdominal thrusts.

A resident is experiencing a severe allergic reaction with signs of anaphylaxis. Why is this considered an emergency?

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can become life-threatening and requires emergency attention.