Contrast Media & Special Radiographic Techniques (Study Guide)

used to image urinary tract and vascular systems

water soluble contrast

2nd most often used contrast type

water soluble contrast

must obtain patient history especially allergy, baseline vital signs, renal function studies

water soluble contrast

more toxic than non-ionic

ionic

cheaper

ionic

splits into + and - particles in solution which can cause an imbalance leading to cardiac and neurological issues

ionic

less toxic

non-ionic

CO2

gas

used when severe allergy to water soluble iodine exists (anaphylaxis)

gas

easily absorbed by body

gas

provides clear outline of surrounding tissues

gas

does not mix well with body fluids

ethiodized oil

keep in cool, dry place, use glass syringe

ethiodized oil

used to image lymphatic system

ethiodized oil

# of particles/kg. of water (350-1000)

osmolality

285 to 295 mOsm/kg H2O

normal adult blood osmolality

measure of resistance of fluid to flow, determined by # and size of particles, requires higher injection pressures, flows better when warm

viscosity

determined by osmolality, viscosity, ionization, dose, rate of injection, and configuration of molecules

toxicity of contrast

symptoms include hives, respiratory symptoms, hypotension, apprehension, feeling of impending doom, and anaphylaxis (bronchospasm, tachycardia)

contrast reaction

study of urinary bladder

cystogram

study of kidneys, ureters, and bladder using IV contrast

excretory urogram

initial film is nephrogram

excretory urogram

visualization of the urethra

voiding cysto urethrogram (VCUG)

done when history of frequent UTI

voiding cysto urethrogram (VCUG)

same as excretory urogram except done in OR with anesthesia

retrograde urogram

catheters inserted into ureters and contrast injected into kidneys

retrograde urogram

used if patient has severe contrast allergy

retrograde urogram

visualization of common bile duct (CBD) cholecystectomy

T-tube cholangiogram

needle placed into gallbladder via liver

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

allows for direct visualization of biliary system

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

many risks

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

rarely done

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

fiberoptic study of common bile duct (CBD)

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

looking for stone or obstruction from cancer of head of pancreas

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

is both diagnostic and therapeutic

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

assess the function of the gallbladder

oral cholecystogram

requires fatty meal day prior

oral cholecystogram

fat is needed to stimulate contraction of gallbladder

oral cholecystogram

fluoroscopic study of subarachnoid space

myelogram

pressures can be monitored by using manometer

myelogram

complications can occur if there is leaking from tap site, or contrast migrates into the cranial vault

myelogram

exam utilized to visualize and detect injuries

arthrogram

requires either MRI or CT scan after injection

arthrogram