Acids, Bases, and Solubility Guidelines

Vocabulary flashcards covering strong acids, strong bases, weak molecular bases, and aqueous solubility guidelines for ionic compounds based on the provided text.

Hydrochloric Acid ($HCl$)

strong acids

Hydrobromic Acid ($HBr$)

strong acids

Hydroiodic Acid ($HI$)

strong acids

Chloric Acid ($HClO_3$)

strong acids

Perchloric Acid ($HClO_4$)

strong acids

Nitric Acid ($HNO_3$)

strong acids

Sulfuric Acid ($H_2SO_4$)

strong acids

Group 1A Metal Hydroxides

Common strong bases consisting of $LiOH$, $NaOH$, $KOH$, $RbOH$, and $CsOH$.

Heavy Group 2A Metal Hydroxides

Common strong bases consisting of $Ca(OH)_2$, $Sr(OH)_2$, and $Ba(OH)_2$.

Ammonia ($NH_3$)

The most common weak molecular base that reacts with water to form an electrolyte solution.

Soluble Nitrate ($NO_3^-$) and Acetate ($CH_3COO^-$) Compounds

Water-soluble ionic compounds with no listed exceptions.

Soluble Halide ($Cl^-$, $Br^-$, $I^-$) Exceptions

Halide compounds are generally soluble in water except when combined with $Ag^+$, $Hg_2^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$.

($SO_4^{2-}$)

Soluble in water except when combined with $Sr^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, Hg_2^{2+}$, and Pb^{2+}$$.

Insoluble Sulfide ($S^{2-}$) Compounds

Ionic compounds containing sulfide that are insoluble in water except when paired with $NH_4^+$, alkali metal cations, $Ca^{2+}$, Sr^{2+}$, or Ba^{2+}$$.

Insoluble Carbonate ($CO_3^{2-}$) and Phosphate ($PO_4^{3-}$) Compounds

Ionic compounds containing carbonate or phosphate that are insoluble except when paired with $NH_4^+$ or alkali metal cations.

($OH^-$)

Insoluble except when paired with $NH_4^+$, alkali metal cations, $Ca^{2+}$, Sr^{2+}$, or Ba^{2+}$$.