PT 726 Screening Normal gait

What ROM for hip flexion is key for normal gait

0-30 degrees

What ROM for hip extension is key for normal gait

0-15 degrees

What ROM for knee flexion is key for normal gait

0-60 degrees

What ROM for knee extension is key for normal gait

0 degrees

What ROM for ankle DF is key for normal gait

0-10 degrees

What ROM for ankle PF is key for normal gait

0-20 degrees

_______ is the moment when the foot contacts the ground

initial contact

what is the angle of the toes for IC

neutral

what is the angle of the ankle for IC

0

what is the angle for the knee at IC

5 flexion

what is the angle for the hip at IC

- 20 flexion

what angle is the pelvis at IC

- maintain forward rotation

what angle is the trunk for IC

- neutral

what are the muscles for initial contact

- trunk: core

- pelvis: hip add/abd stability

- hip: extensors concentric

- knee: quads eccentric

- ankle: pretibials concentric

_____ is when weight is rapidly transferred onto the outstretched limb

loading response

what is the first period of double-limb support

loading response

what is the angle of the trunk for LR

- neutral

what is the angle of the pelvis for LR

- less forward rotation

what is the angle of the hip for LR

20 flexion

what is the angle of the knee for LR

- 15 flexion

what is the angle of the ankle for LR

- 5 PF

what is the angle of the toes for LR

- neutral

what are the muscles for LR

- trunk: core

- pelvis: hip add/abd

- hip: extensors/abd concentric

- knee: quads eccentric

- ankle: pretibials eccentric

_____ is when the body progresses over a single stable limb

midstance

what angle is the trunk for midstance

netural

what is the angle of the pelvis for midstance

- neutral

what is the angle of the hip for midstance

- 0

what is the angle of the knee for midstance

- 5 extending to neutral

what is the angle of the ankle for midstance

5 DF

what is the angle of the toes for midstance

neutral

what are the muscles for midstance

- trunk: core

- pelvis: hip abd/add

- hip: abd eccentric

- knee: quad concentric then none

- ankle: calf eccentric

in midstance what is active to control the forward progression of the tibia

soleus and gastroc

____ is the progression over the stance limb continues. The body moves ahead of the limb and weight is transferred onto the forefoot

terminal stance

what is the angle for the trunk in terminal stance

- neutral

what is the angle of the pelvis for terminal stance

- backward rotation 4-5 degrees

what is the angle of the hip for terminal stance

20 apparent hyperextension

what is the angle of the knee for terminal stance

full extension or 5 flexion

what is the angle of the ankle for terminal stance

10 DF

what are the angle of the toes for terminal stance

neutral IP/extended MP

what are the muscles for terminal stance

- trunk: core

- pelvis: hip add/abd

- hip: none

- knee: none

- ankle: calf eccentric

______ is when the forefoot remains on the floor. the knee rapidly flexes while weight is shifted to other limb

pre-swing

what is the angle of the trunk for preswing

- neutral

what is the angle of the pelvis for pre-swing

- backward rotation 4-5 degrees

what is the angle for the hip in pre-swing

- neutral extension

what is the angle of the knee for pre-swing

- 40 flexion

what is the angle of the ankle for pre-swing

- 15 PF

what is the angle of the toes for pre-swing

- neutral IP extended MP

what are the muscles for pre-swing

- trunk: core

- pelvis: none

- hip: add concentric

- knee none

- ankle none

______ is when the thigh begins to advance; the knee continues to flex and the foot clears the ground

initial swing

what is the angle for the trunk in initial swing

neutral

what is the angle of the pelvis for initial swing

backward rotation 4-5 degrees

what is the angle of the hip for initial swing

15 flexion

what is the angle of the knee for initial swing

60 flexion

what is the angle of the ankle for initial swing

5 PF

what is the angle of the toes for initial swing

neutral

what is the muscles for initial swing

- trunk: core

- pelvis: hip add/abd

- hip: flexors concentric

- knee: flexors concentric

- ankle: pretibials concentric

____ is when the thigh continues to advance as the knee begins to extend. foot clearance is maintained

mid swing

what is the angle of the trunk for mid swing

- neutral

what is the angle of the pelvis for mid swing

neutral

what is the angle of the hip for mid swing

25 flexion

what is the angle of the knee for midswing

60-25

what is the angle of the ankle for mid swing

0

what is the angle of the toes for midswing

neutral

what are the muscles for midswing

- trunk: core

- pelvis: hip add/abd

- hip: flexors then hamstrings eccentric

- knee flexors eccentric

- ankle: pretibials concentric

_____ is when the knee extends; the limb prepared to contact the ground for IC

terminal swing

what is the angle of the trunk for terminal swing

neutral

what is the angle of the pelvis for terminal swing

forward rotation 4-5 degrees

what is the angle of the hip in terminal swing

20 flexion

what is the angle of the knee for terminal swing

- 5 flexion to neutral

what is the angle of the ankle in terminal swing

neutral

what is the angle of the toes in terminal swing

neutral

what are the muscles for terminal swing

- trunk: core

- pelvis: hip add/abd

- hip: hamstrings concentric

- knee: quad eccentric

- ankle: pretibials concentric

_____ is a gait pattern that denotes gluteus med weakness

trendelenburg

______ is excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over the stance leg

trendenlenburg

what are the causes for trendelenburg

pain and leg-length discrepancy

____ is a gait pattern that is characterized by a circular motion to advance the eg during swing phase

circumduction

what are the causes of circumduction

- compensation for insufficent hip or knee flexion or ankle DF

____ is when the pelvis is lifted on the side of the swinging leg

hip hiking

what are the common causes of hip hiking

- weak hip flexors

- leg length discrepancy

- insufficien ankle DF

the shortening of the swing leg with hip hiking is caused by the action of the

QL

what are the causes of genu recurvatum

- quad weakness

- PF weakness

- quad/PF spasticity

- knee flexor weakness

what are common causes of bent knee gait

- knee flexion contracture

- weak quads

- hip flexion contracture

toe drag during swing phase indicates

inadequate ankle DF

what are the causes of toe drag/decreased DF

- weakness of DF and toe extensors

- spasticity of PF

- inadequate knee or hip flexion

what is foot slap caused by

weak DF

what are the gait abnormalities due to decreased DF in the stance phase

- foot slap

- foot flat

- forefoot contact

what is forefoot contact caused by

- weak DF or PF contracture

- compensation for heel pain

what is the cause of foot flat

- excessive knee flexion

- weak quads

____ is a gait pattern where the involved step length is decreased in order to avoid weight bearing on the involved side usually secondary to pain

antalgic gait

shortened step length on the involved side and increased stance time on uninvolved is called

antalgic gait

_____ is a gait pattern characterized by staggering and unsteadiness. usually a WBOS and movements are exaggerated

ataxic