DAT 113: Test 4 STUDY GUIDE

four types of dental materials?

metals/ceramics/polymers/composites

polymers?

materials that are made of large, long molecules formed linking together chains of monomers

polymerization?

process of linking monomers into polymers

thermoplastic polymers?

long linear chains of monomers can be heated/molded/remelted/reprocessed

thermoset polymers?

cross linked structure of monomers doesn’t tend to melt/must be in final shape when polymerization occurs

acrylic resin?

used to fabricate removable prosthetics/oral appliances

polymers/resin used in?

denture materials/oral appliances/rubber bowls/rinn instruments

prosthesis?

device used for replacement of missing teeth/soft tissue

fixed prosthesis?

device which is cemented permanently into mouth

removable prosthesis?

device which is made to come in/out of patient’s mouth

most common acrylic liquid monomer?

methyl methacrylate

oral appliances are made from?

thermoplastic polymers

activation of resin polymerization?

chemically activated/heat-activated

initiator for powder resin?

benzoyl peroxide (BPO)

activator for powder resin?

tertiary amine

polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA)?

polymerized resin finished product

heat-activated resins don’t contain?

chemical activator

sandy stage?

powder/liquid mixture looks grainy (runny consistency)

stringy stage?

powder/liquid mixture becomes stringy when handled (thicker consistency)

doughy stage?

powder/liquid mixture like bread dough consistency (easier to manipulate/mold)

rubbery stage?

final stage of acrylic polymerization/mixture can no longer be manipulated (rubber consistency)

removable partial denture (RPD)?

used for patients who are missing some teeth

complete denture?

used for patients who are missing all teeth

most removable partial/complete dentures use?

acrylic resin/plastic denture teeth

complete dentures held in place by?

suction/uses saliva to improve suction

removable partial denture has?

metal framework for support

clasps?

rest on teeth/grab on for retention

mesh?

provides mechanical retention of acrylic resin to metal framework

connector?

thicker parts of framework/connecting clasps/mesh together

denture base?

holds denture teeth/supports RPD while patient chews/esthetically matches patient’s gums

resin dentures disadvantages?

shrinkage/high coefficient of thermal expansion/low strength/abrasion resistance/porosity

polymerization shrinkage?

resins/acrylics shrink when set/causes open gaps in prostheses

strength/abrasion resistance?

polymers lack strength/have low abrasion resistance

porosity?

causes debris to get caught in pores developing offensive odor/taste

minimize porosity?

adjusting pressure/temperature during setting

acrylic are used to?

construct custom trays/provisional crowns/bridges/denture relines/repairs

retention of dentures?

proper fit of dentures requires adequate extension into vestibule (under-extension/overextension)

sore spots?

without denture adjustment area in mouth will ulcerate

treatment of sore spots?

use of pressure indicating paste (PIP)

alveolar ridge?

without teeth alveolar bone continues to be lost over time

denture adhesives?

denture is getting loose/not fitting will use to stick denture in

ways to treatment plan for patient’s first set of dentures?

traditional dentures/immediate dentures

traditional denture treatment planning?

remove patient’s teeth/allow to heal for 6-8 weeks

traditional denture fabrication advantages?

denture fit well when completed

resorption of alveolar ridge has already started to occur

not as many changes to ridges following denture delivery

traditional denture fabrication disadvantages?

difficult to estimate where bite might be

hard to connect issues once denture has completely processed

patient must go without teeth for weeks-months

immediate denture?

used when patient is scheduled to have teeth removed/doesn’t want to go without teeth

immediate denture advantages?

don’t have embarrassment of going without teeth

can use existing teeth to guide in selection of denture teeth

much easier to establish correct bite when existing teeth are in place

denture acts as bandage for extraction sites

immediate denture disadvantages?

estimating amount of alveolar ridge resorption is difficult

always must do denture reline

fit is often problem that must be addressed throughout life of denture

denture relines?

using old denture/adding small amount of new acrylic to inside of denture

denture reline procedures?

laboratory-processed reline/chairside reline

laboratory-processed reline?

take impression inside denture

denture with impression is sent to dental lab

dental lab tech pours gypsum in impression/makes model

separates model/removed impression material

new acrylic is added to space that is left

lab-processed reline advantages?

tends to work well/lasts long time

lab-processed reline disadvantages?

expensive/patients must go without denture for 1-2 days

chairside reline?

add reline material to denture

take impression of patient’s mouth using reline material inside patient’s mouth

material sets in patient’s mouth

denture is removed/trimmed/polished

chairside reline advtanges?

less expensive/patient doesn’t have to go without denture

chairside reline disadvatnages?

new material is often softer/much more porous than original material/must be done repeatedly/not as esthetic/high porosity

importance of proper care of denture?

helps maintain healthy gingiva/inappropriate home care can lead to fungal infections

athletic mouthguards?

removable oral appliance used to protect teeth/oral tissues during contact sports

types of athletic mouthguards?

stock/mouth-formed/custom-made

stock mouthguard?

purchased OTC/come in few sizes/least expensive/poor-fit/uncomfortable/doesn’t provide as much protection

mouth-formed guard?

purchased OTC/thermoplastic material is boiled, softens, placed in mouth, as it cools adapts to tissue/low-moderate expense/difficult to make at home/satisfactory fit/can be uncomfortable

custom-made mouthguards?

custom made to patient’s mouth/expensive/high compilance

fluoride custom trays?

custom-made soft trays allow close contact with patient’s teeth to fluoride gel

orthodontic appliances?

correct tooth malalignment/spacing problems/overbites/overjet

nightguards

prescribed to patients with bruxism

space maintainers?

temporary appliance used when baby teeth are lost too soon/prevents other teeth from drifting/closing space before permanent tooth can erupt

snoring appliances?

treats obstructive sleep apnea/snoring

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?

most common/effective way to treat sleep disorders

whitening trays?

patient puts whitening gel in tray/wears tray for set period of time

disadvantage to whitening products?

tooth sensitivity

vacuum former?

heats material to soften/then molds material to cast using vacuum