The South After Revolution and During Civil Wa

How did the British leaving America affect Native Americans?

Native Americans lost an important ally from America, making it harder to protect their land from American expression.

How did Southern slaveholders influence the creation of the U.S government?

they gained political power and helped shape the laws and structure of the U.S government.

Why did the Souther economy become weaker after the American Revolution?

The south could no longer trade with English as easily as before, which hurt the economy.

Why was it difficult for the colonies to become united before the American Revolution?

The colonies focused on themselves, traded more with other countries than with each other, and depended on overseas trade. Making it harder for them to work together as one country.

Why didn’t the Articles of confederation work well?

They created a weak national government that struggled to unite and control the states.

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?

The government couldn’t collect taxes, regulate trade between states, or enforce laws. Large and small states also disagree over political power.

Why did the states disagree about government power?

They wanted to make sure no single state had too much power.

What happened after the articles of confederation failed?

The U.S. created a stronger national government.

What did Americans still disagree about after the revolution?

Government power, freedom, economy, and slavery, and religion.

What was the Shay’s Rebellion?

A protest by famers in Massachusetts.

Why were farmers upset during Shays' Rebellion?

They were in debt, faced high taxes. and feared losing their farms.

How did farmers respond to their financial struggles?

They armed themselves and protests

What did Massachusetts government supported during the Shays Rebellion?

They supported the creditors instead of struggling farmers.

How did wealthy Americans and nationalists view Shay’s Rebellion?

They worried that the rebellion proved the Articles of Confederation were too weak to maintain order.

What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention in 1787?

Delegates from 12 of 13 states met in Philadelphia of fix problems with the Articles of Confederation.

What was the representation debate at the Constitutional Convention?

Large and small states disagreed over whether they should have equal power in Congress.

Virgina Plan?

Larger states wanted representation based on population. James Madison

New Jersey Plan?

Smaller states wanted equal representation for every state. William Paterson.

How did the Great Compromise satisfy both large and small states?

Large states got more representatives in the house, while all sates received equal power in the Senate.

What was the Great Compromise?

Created two parts of the congress.

What were two parts of the congress?

House of Representatives, (based on state population) Senate (Equal representation 2 senators per state)

What did delegates debate about the president at the Constitutional Convention?

They debated how much power the president should have.

Whats the difference between Federalists and Anti- Federalists

Federalists: Supported the Constitution and a stronger national government.

Anti- Federalists : Feared too much national government power and wanted stronger protections for individual rights

Bill of Rights?

First 10 amendments to the Constitution that protect individual freedoms such as speech, and religion.

What did delegates disagree about regarding slavery?

disagreed over slavery, representation, trade, leading to compromises in the Constitution.

Who was James Madison?

Known as the “Father of the Constitution” , he helped write the U.S Constitution.

Who was George Washington ?

Led the constitutional convention. Became first president

What was the 3/5 Compromise?

It counted every 5 enslave people as 3 people when determine state representation in congress and direct taxes.

The purpose of the 3/5 compromise ?

To settle disagreements between northern and southern states over how enslave people would be counted for representation in Congress and taxes.

Slave trade compromise?

It prevented Congress from banning the international slave trade, allowing it to continue for 20 more years.

Fugitive Slave Clause?

Required enslaved people who escaped to another state to be returned to those claiming ownership of them.

Federalism?

A system where power is shared between the national government and state governments.

How did the new government try to balance the northern and southern economy ?

Tried to support Northern businesses and trade while protecting southern farming interests.

What was the Virgina Dynasty?

A period when 4 of the first five U.S. presidents were from Virginia

Whats the difference between Federalist and Democratic Republicans?

Federalists (Alexander Hamilton): Wanted a strong national government and supported businesses and trade.

Democratic- Republicans( Thomas Jefferson) : Wanted more power for states and supported farmers and agriculture?

Who became more powerful? democratic republicans or federalists

Democratic Republicans gained power when Jefferson became president.

What did Southern leaders believe about government power?

They wanted states to have more control and supported farming and plantations.

Why did Southern leaders oppose a strong national government and national bank?

They feared wealthy business leaders would gain too much power.

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

Laws passed under President John Adams to protect national security during tensions with France

What did the Aliens Acts allow the government to do?

They allowed the government to send certain immigrants back to their homes countries if they were consider dangerous.

What did the Sedition Act do?

It allowed the government to punish people for certain statement criticizing the government that are considered false or harmful.

Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts important?

They limited freedom of speech and the press, increased government power, and caused arguments over individual rights.

Why was the Election of 1800 important?

Power peacefully changed from the Federalists to the Democratic Republicans without violence.

What was the Louisiana Purchase ?

President Thomas Jefferson bought land from France, doubling the size of United States.

What was the purpose of the Louisiana Purchase?

To gain more land for expansions, farming and trading.

Why did France sell the land?

Napoleon needed money for wars in European no longer wanted to maintain the territory in North America.

What was the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

An expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson in 1804 to explore western lands, map the territory, and find trade routes to the pacific ocean.

What were the results of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

They mapped western lands, discovered plants and animals new to American science, built relationships with Native American tribes, and encouraged westward expansions.

Why was the Lewis and Clark expedition important?

Helped Americans learn about western lands, expand trade, and prepare for westward expansion.

How was slavery different in the North and South after the American Revolution?

Northern states began ending slavery, while Southern state continued relying on enslaved labor for farming and plantations.

What was the abolitionist outlook on slavery?

Abolitionists believed slavery was wrong and wanted it to end.

How did westward expansion affect slavery?

As new states formed in the West, slavery spread into some new territories.

How did the federal government protect slavery?

The Constitution included protections for slavery such as the compromises.

What was territorial expression?

The U.S. gained more land and expanded westward, creating new states and spreading settlements.

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

An agreement that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, keeping the balance of power in Congress.

What was the anti- slavery cause?

A movement to end slavery and prevent it from spreading into new territories.

Who were the immediatists the abolitionist movement?

Abolitionists who wanted slavery to end immediately instead of gradually over time.

How did abolitionists use religion to fight slavery?

They used Christianity, prayer, churches, and speeches to convince people that slavery was wrong.

Why did many white Southerners defend slaveyr?

Slavery supported the Southern economy, use racist beliefs and traditions to justify denying black people rights.

Southern economy vs Northern economy

Southern economy was based off cash crops like cotton, tobacco, and rice

Northern economy was based off factories, manufacturing and growing cities.

Whats a tariff?

A tax goods imported from other countries, making those goods more expensive.

What was the Tariff of Abominations (1828)?

Southern believed it unfairly hurt their economy.

What was the Nullification Crisis (1832–1833)?

South Carolina refused to follow federal tariff laws, claiming states could reject laws they believed were unfair. President Andrew Jackson opposed this.

Why was the Nullification Crisis important?

Increased tensions between the North and South and raised questions about states rights vs federal government power.

What’s judicial review?

The power of courts to divide whether laws or government actions violate the Constitution.

Whats was the important of the steamboat?

Steamboats made transporting people and goods faster and easier, improving trade and helping the economy grow.

What was the Reform Movement?

A movement during the 1800s to improve society by fighting problems like slavery, unequal rights, and poor education

What was Morse code?

A system of dots and dashes used with the telegraph to send messages quickly over long distances.

What was the main cause of the Civil War?

Slavery

What was Manifest Destiny?

The belief that Americans were meant to expand westward.

How did trains and the telegraph change America?

Trains made transportation and trade faster, while the telegraph allowed people to send messages quickly over long distances.

Why did Americans disagree about immigration?

They had different opinions about immigrants and their place in American society.

Why was coal mining important during the Industrial Revolution?

Coal provided fuel for factories, trains, and steamboats, helping industries and transportation grows.

What was the Monroe Doctrine of 1823?

A policy warning European countries not to interfere in the Americans.

What is secession?

When a state decides to leave a country or union

What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

A law that explained how western territories could become states and banned slavery in the Northwest Territory

What was the Mexican-American War (1846–1848)?

A war between the U.S. and Mexico that ended with the U.S. gaining large areas of western land.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

an agreement that admitted California as a free state, and allowed some new territories to decided whether to permit slavery.

What was popular sovereignty?

The idea that people in a territory could vote to decide whether slavery would be allowed.

What was Nat Turner’s Rebellion?

enslaved man in Virginia, who fought against slavery.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)?

A law that allowed people in Kansas and Nebraska to vote on whether slavery would be allowed, using popular sovreignty.

What was Bleeding Kansas (1854–1859)?

A period of violence in Kansas between people who supported slavery and people who opposed it because they disagreed over whether Kansas should become a slave state or a free state.

What was the popular sovereignty?

Settlers that vote if slavery would be allow.

How did the Kansas Nebraska Act affect the Missouri Compromise?

Removing easier restrictions on slavery in western territories and allowing settlers to vote on whether to allow slavery.

What were the rival governments in Bleeding Kansas?

Kansas had two competing governments: one supported slavery, and the other opposed it.

Why was the Republican Party formed?

The Republican Party formed to stop slavery from spreading into western territories. Became pop in the North.

What was the Dred Scott Decision?

The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans could not be U.S citizens and that Conress could not ban slavery in federal territories.

How did Dred Scott Decision affect the Missouri Compromise?

The Missouri Compromise tried to limit where slavery could spread, but the Dred Scott Decision ruled that Congress could not restrict, making the Missouri Compromise go against the constitution.

What was John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry?

John Brown, an abolitionist, attacked a federal storage facility in Virginia, hoping to start a rebellion against slavery. His raid failed but increase tensions between the north and south.

What was John Brown goal

Take the weapons and give them to enslave people to start a rebellion against slavery.

What did Lincoln believe?

He opposed slavery spreading into new territories.

Why did Southern states begin leaving the Union after Lincoln’s election in 1860?

Southern states feared that President Abraham Lincoln would threaten slavery, so they began leaving the Union and formed the confederacy,

What was Lincoln’s message to the Southern states?

Lincoln said he didn’t want to start a war, but he wanted to keep the Union together and prevent Southern states from leaving.

What was Lincoln’s warning to the South?

Lincoln promised not to attack the South first, but warned that southern states would be responsible if they start a war. He also promised to protect the Constitution and keep them together.

Which state left the union first?

South Carolina

Who was Robert E Lee

led the confederate army of Northern Virginia( South)

Whats compelled to yield

forced to surrender or give up.

Why did Lee surrender?

Army couldn’t keep fighting against the union’s greater strength.

Who was George W. Randolph?

confederate general who supported the South

who was the Federals?

Union army (North)