exdm third exam me thinks

BF Skinner

• BF Skinner’s behaviorism theory ⚬ People are fundamentally passive and will respond only when the environment tempts them to get rewards or avoid punishments • No room for intrinsic motivation

Ed Deci and Richard Ryan

Self Determination Theory 1.Autonomy 2.Competence 3.Relatedness • Deci seal trick observation - wondered if humans were just like them (NO) • Believe people are autonomous, curious beings

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

• Gender difference: ⚬ Among college students, males more intrinsically motivated by exercise, females more extrinsically motivated • Problems with extrinsic controls: ⚬ Idea that we can control people with extrinsic threats is manipulative • Intrinsic motivation benefits: ⚬ Learn better ⚬ More creative ⚬ Better problem solving skills ⚬ Richer experiences ⚬ Greater conceptual understanding

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION STUDY

SOMA Game Cube Experiment • Participants being paid were more likely to put down cube and pick up magazine while waiting • Participants who weren’t paid were more likely to continue playing with puzzle naturally • “No pay, no play” - idea that once an extrinsic reward was introduced (money), people lose interest in doing something that was initially fun • No room for intrinsic motivation

INTRINSIC VS EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Reduce Intrinsic Motivation • Threat • Intense competition Increase Intrinsic Motivation • Choice • Sensitively offering noncontrolling rewards • Non-pressured winners in competition

SELF-DETERMINATION CONTINUUM

Introjected regulation internalizations that take the form of “shoulds” and “oughts” - voices in head that come from outside and issue orders Ego involvement the process of peoples feelings of worth being dependent on specific outcomes

SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY

theory of motivation concerned with supporting our natural or intrinsic tendencies to behave in effective and healthy ways. Basic Psychological Needs: • Autonomy • Competence • Relatedness Meeting these needs leads to greater intrinsic motivation. Think of people as living entities, not machines.

AUTONOMY

• Self-governing; to act in accord with one’s self, feeling free and volitional in one’s action; acts freely chosen • Different than individualism, individualism stands in contrast to acting for the common good • About acting with a sense of choice, flexibility and personal freedom while choosing to behave responsibly • Autonomy support - actions that encourage autonomy in those we have responsibility for

COMPETENCE

• Capacities and strategies for attaining outcomes • Must link with autonomy • “Controlling” positive impact can weaken intrinsic motivation • High performance is based on a link between perceived competence and perceived autonomy. Basically, you must feel confident you can something (competence) and feel like it is your choice (autonomy)

To have a good experience you need-

Storytelling

Transformation

Outside/offline

Relationships

Intensity

Extraordinary

Status/significance

NOT time

RELATEDNESS

• Feeling connected with others while being effective and autonomus • Autonomous dependence is not opposed to autonomy • Human development requires societal influences • Human development relies on societal influences. The habits and example shown by society impact human growth • The closer you feel to the people you’re with while doing an activity, you have more positive emotion and less negative

TIME FAMINE TERMINOLOGY

• Time crunch: there is a scarcity to our time • Time thieves: things that take time away from us unexpectedly • Time deepening: multitasking, using your time doing more than one thing • Time estrangement: alienation felt when overwhelmed by constraints of time

OVERWORK IN AMERICA

• A worker today would only have to work 29 hours to produce the equivalent of a 40-hour worker in 1990 • Do we want more time or more money?

EXACERBATING THE PACE OF OUR LIVES

• Overwork: forced overtime • Overscheduling: down to the minute • Commuting: move closer to where you work • Unpaid labor: ⚬ housework ⚬ cleanliness ⚬ church service • Time cost of stuff: the more you have the more you have to spend money on (yard, toys, cell phone) • Media: ~15-20 hours of our time is spent on media each week

VACATION

• Americans are not committed to vacation ⚬ 13 vacation days/year ⚬ 43% take no vacation, 574 million is unused vacation days ⚬ Companies are not required to give workers paid vacation in the US • Comparisons ⚬ 163 countries give mothers and fathers paid leave after the birth of a child but 6 industrialized countries do not, including the U.S.

IMPACTS OF TIME POVERTY

• World Health Olympics ⚬ US moved from top to 35th ⚬ Stress ⚬ Time Pressure: linked to fast food consumption and unhealthy diets • Environmental Health ⚬ Busyness = less likely to recycle ⚬ Hours worked related to eco footprint • Volunteerism ⚬ Busy people = less likely to help neighbors, volunteer, vote

FAMILY TIME MERRY GO ROUND METAPHOR

• Transferring pace of corporate life into family life can be difficult • Centrifugal forces - quick pace pushes families away from center and each other • Desire to maintain fast pace - pushing work pace into family life through overscheduling to keep family up to speed with work life • Unknown dangers - unforseen injuries, overstretched family pace

CHILDREN’S LOST TIME

• Since the 1980s, children ages 3-12 have lost 12 hours per week of free time ⚬ Where has the time gone? • Academic preparation ⚬ 50% more time spend on study than they did 20 years ago, with little overall academic gains • Organized sports ⚬ Children’s structured sports time has doubled since early 1980s, ⅓ of kids want to quit, feelings of failure • Media use ⚬ 9-13 hours per day • Childhood obesity ⚬ Epidemic, 1 in 5 children • Highly scheduled kids ⚬ Less time for child-driven play and high-quality family time, increase in anxiety and depression

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PEDIATRICS RECOMMENDATIONS

• Identify what is appropriate for your own child • Clarify realistic admission expectations • Unscheduled spontaneous child/parent time is good • Successful traits in children result from parental love, role modeling, and guidance NOT extracurricular or academic commitments • Balance in interests and activities

RETIREMENT ISSUES

• Large proportion of seniors feel bored, lonely, useless • Suicide rates are twice the general population • Successful agers are engaged with a healthy balance between work and play

BALANCE

• Elder M. Russell Ballard’s concerns: ⚬ When life is out of balance it is like a car tire out of balance, rough and unsafe. • Goal: Seek immortality and eternal life by eliminating things that clamor and consume our thoughts • Brigham Young said: ⚬ “Recreation and diversion are as necessary to our wellbeing as the more serious pursuits of life.” ⚬ 8 hours for work, 8 hours for play, 8 hours for sleep

CHANGING PACE

• Time Diaries and Examinations • Take Stock of Finances • Optimal Self • Recovery Time • Realistic Expectations • Simplicity • Slow Food • Support Group • Early Rising • Scriptures • Temple • Stillness • Shabbat - Hebrew word for ‘sabbath’, meaning ‘pause’ or ‘cease’

SCRIPTURES

How do you spend your time? Do you work just to get “rich”? • Mark 6: 20-23 - Jesus saw that his apostles were time-stressed and needed a break • Alma 1: 27-30 - sharing your goods = abundance in all things • Alma 4:6,8 - set their hearts upon riches = pride, wickedness • 3 Nephi 6:11-12 & 4 Nephi 1:3, 24-26 - division based on class • Main idea: Focusing on your outward appearance/material things leads to pride and division.