Apartheid

Apartheid

Separateness

Afrikaners

White people, descending from Dutch Colonists or Boers

Developed unique identity with culture, language, and religion

Bantu

Black people

Colored

Mixed people

Asian

Asian people

Khoi Khoi and San

Native Africans exploited as slaves

The Cape

Occupied by British by 1806

Dutch settlers trekked North to avoid British rule

The Great Trek

Boers leaving southern tip of Africa because of Xhosa conflict and discontent from encroaching British authorities

Two Independent Nations set up by Boers (1850s)

• Orange Free State

• The Transvaal

Union of South Africa

Merging of British and Boer/Afrikaner territories, which were ruled by the British

Bantustans/Homelands

• Self-governing territories established by the Apartheid Government

• Majority of Black population resettled to “better preserve tribal culture”

• Dry, unfertile lands with limited electricity and running water

PASS Laws

• non-whites had to carry PASSBOOKS

• couldn’t travel freely as “non-citizens”

• can’t change laws without right to vote

African National Congress

• South African political party and Black nationalist organization

• led fight to eliminate apartheid

• campaign against pass laws

Civil Disobedience

Nonviolent refusal to follow specific government systems or laws you morally disagree with

• Ex. Burning passbooks

Freedom Charter of 1955

• Non-racial state

• Division of land among those who work it

• Restoration of National wealth of the people

• Equality and dignity of ALL

Sharpeville Massacre

• 5,000 to 7,000 protesters outside of police station in Sharpeville

• offered themselves up for arrest after discarding or burning their passbook

• Shot in the back as they fled

ANC Armed Resistance

• Organize acts of sabotage (doesn’t involve loss of life)

• Strike at electric grid

• Gov. tried to silence Mandela

• Viewed as part of Communist “conspiracy” to overthrow apartheid

• Unpatriotic acts of high treason

Black Consciousness

Being aware of inequality and oppression toward Black people and their culture; fighting against it

Touchlines

Standing on outside of life and places they should be allowed in due to political inequalities toward Black people

Anti-Terrorism

Against acts that pertain to or reference terrorism

Mass Rallies

Groups of people protesting or committing acts of civil disobedience to make opinions on systems known

Divestments

Reduction of assets or financial investments

Strike

Coordinated stoppage of work until things change

Boycott

Nonviolent, voluntary refusal to associate with a specific organization

Sanctions

Commercial penalties imposed by organizations