ap world history unit 4 vocab

caravel

portuguese and spanish, 75 ft ship for long voyage purposes

carrack

portugese, 150 ft ship for trade purposes

fluyt

dutch, 80 ft ship for trade purposes

maritime empires

this extensive trade transformed spain, portugal great britain, france and holland into ____

mercantilism

a system in which a country attempts to amass wealth through trade with other countries, exporting more than it imports and increasing stores of gold and precious metals

trading post empires

based on small outposts, rather than control of large territories for the intention of trade

galleons

spanish ships that made stops in the philippines to trade silver to the chinese

conquistadores

spanish soldiers such as francisco pizarro and hernan cortes that came to the new world

columbian exchange

the global exchange of plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the eastern and western hemispheres

african diaspora

the dispersion of africans out of africa

indentured servitude

arrangements through which servants contracted to work for a specifies period of years in exchange for passage

chattel slavery

a system in which individuals were considered property to be bought and sold

encomienda

landowners compelled indigenous people to work for them in exchange for food and shelter, as landowners required of serfs in europe’s manorial system

hacienda system

landowners developed agriculture on their lands—wheat, fruit, vegetables, and sugar. they used coerced labor to work the fields.

commercial revolution

the transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver

joint-stock companies

owned by investors who bought stock or shares in them

casta system

race-based hierarchy in the spanish new world, valuing spanish blood over others

creoles

peninsulares

those who were born on the iberian peninsula

mestizos

mixed european and indigenous ancestry

mulattos

those of mixed european and african ancestry

santeria

originally an african faith that became popular in cuba and then traveled throughout latin america and to north america

vodun

belief system originating with african peoples of dahomey, kongo, and yoruba who were enslaved and living in saint-domingue, which is now haiti

viceroys

administrators and representatives of the spanish crown

metacom’s war

a result of english colonist using underhand tactics in their continuing pressure to control native american lands; king philip’s war

maroon societies

descendants of africans who ad escaped slavery in jamaica who formed independent settlements