HOSA Medical Terminology - The Urinary System

-cele

hernia, tumor, swelling

cyst/o

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

dia-

through, between, apart, complete

-ectasis

stretching, dilation, enlargement

glomerul/o

glomerulus

lith/o

stone, calculus

-lysis

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

nephr/o

kidney

-pexy

surgical fixation

pyel/o

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

-tripsy

to crush

ur/o

urine, urinary tract

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

-uria

urination, urine

ablation (ab-LAY-shun)

the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

anuria (au-NEW-ree-ah)

absence of urine production

benign prostatic hyperplasia (bee-NINE pros-TAT-ick high-per-PLAY-zee-ah)

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland

chronic kidney disease

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years

cystitis (sis-TYE-tis)

inflammation of the bladder

cystocele (SIS-toh-seel)

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

cystolith (SIS-toh-lith)

a stone located within the urinary bladder

cystopexy (SIS-toh-peck-see)

the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

cystoscopy (sis-TOS-koh-pee)

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

dialysis (dye-AL-ih-sis)

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

diuresis (dye-you-REE-sis)

increased output of urine

edema (eh-DEE-mah)

swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body

end-stage renal disease

the final stage of chronic kidney disease

enuresis (en-you-REE-sis)

involuntary discharge of urine

epispadias (ep-ih-SPAY-dee-as)

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis; in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ecks-trah-kor-POUR-ee-al-shock-wayv LITH-oh-trip-see)

the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

glomerulonephritis (gloh-mer-you-loh-neh-FRY-tis)

a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine

hemodialysis (hee-moh-dye-AL-ih-sis)

the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood

hydronephrosis (high-droh-neh-FROH-sis)

the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

hydroureter (high-droh-YOUR-eh-ter)

the distention (swelling) of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

hyperproteinuria (high-per-proh-tee-in-YOU-ree-ah)

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

hypoproteinemia (high-poh-proh-tee-in-EE-mee-ah)

abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

hypospadias (high-poh-SPAY-dee-as)

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening

incontinence (in-KON-tih-nents)

the inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces

interstitial cystitis (in-ter-STISH-al sis-TYE-tis)

a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

intravenous pyelography (in-trah-VEE-nus pye-eh-LOG-rah-fee)

a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters

nephrolith (NEF-roh-lith)

a stone located in the kidney; also known as renal calculus or a kidney stone

nephrolithiasis (nef-roh-lih-THIGH-ah-sis)

presence of stones in the kidney

nephrolysis (neh-FROL-ih-sis)

the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

nephrons (NEF-ronz)

the microscopic functional units of each kidney where urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

nephropathy (neh-FROP-ah-thee)

any disease of the kidney

nephroptosis (nef-rop-TOH-sis)

the prolapse, or dropping down, of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands.

nephropyosis (nef-roh-pye-OH-sis)

suppuration of the kidney

nephrostomy (neh-FROS-toh-me)

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

nephrotic syndrome (neh-FROS_toh-me)

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

neurogenic bladder (new-roh-JEN-ick)

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

nocturia (nock-TOO-ree-ah)

frequent and excessive urination during the night

nocturnal enuresis (nock-TER_nal en-you-REE-sis)

bed-wetting during sleep

oliguria (ol-ih-GOO-ree-ah)

scanty urination

percutaneous nephrolithotomy (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us nef-roh-lih-THOT-oh-mee)

the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back

peritoneal dialysis (pehr-ih-toh-NEE-al dye-AL-ih-sis)

the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

polycystic kidney disease (pol-ee-SIS-tick)

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

polyuria (pol-ee-YOU-ree-ah)

excessive urination and is a common symptom of diabetes

prostatism (PROS-tah-tizm)

a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

pyelotomy (pye-eh-LOT-oh-mee)

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

suprapubic catherization (soo-prah-PYOU-bick kath-eh ter-eye-ZAY-shun)

the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

uremia (you-REE-mee-ah)

a toxic condition in which urea and other waste products normally excreted in the urine are retained in the blood

ureterectasis (you-reh-ter-ECK-tah-sis)

the distention (enlargement) of a ureter

ureterolith (you-REE-ter-oh-lith)

a stone located anywhere along the ureter

ureterorrhagia (you-ree-ter-oh-RAY-jee-ah)

the discharge of blood from the ureter

ureterorrhaphy (you-ree-teh-ROAR-ah-fee)

the surgical suturing of a ureter

urethritis (you-reh-THRIGH-tis)

inflammation of the urethra

urethroplasty (you-REE-throh-plas-tee)

the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra

urethrorrhagia (you-ree-throh-RAY-jee-ah)

bleeding from the urethra

urethrostenosis (you-ree-throh-RAY-jee-ah)

abnormal narrowing of the urethra

urethrotomy (you-reh-THROT-oh-mee)

a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

urinary catheterization (kath-eh-ter-eye-ZAY-shun)

the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile specimen or drain urine

vesicovaginal fistula (ves-ih-koh-VAJ-ih-nahl FIS-tyou-lah)

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

voiding cystourethrography (sis-toh-you-ree-THROG-rah-fee)

x-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging

Wilms tumor

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood