Circulatory System

Veins

Blood vessels that are the second biggest, return blood to the heart.

Arteries

Blood vessels that are the biggest, carry blood away from the heart.

Capillaries

The smallest blood vessels, where exchange of substances occurs.

Lymphatic vessels

Vessels that return leaked water or plasma to the blood stream.

Wall of capillaries

One cell thick wall.

Blood flow in veins

Blood moves by skeletal muscle power.

Blood flow in arteries

Blood moves by heart power.

Blood flow in capillaries

Powered by pressure from muscles.

Veins' blood color

Usually carries blue blood except around the lungs.

Arteries' blood color

Usually carries red blood except around the lungs.

White blood cells in lymphatic vessels

Has white blood cells to fight germs, released through pores.

Parasympathetic system

Rest and digest system, accounts for 98% of the autonomic nervous system.

Sympathetic system

Kicks in when in danger, accounts for 2% of the autonomic nervous system.

Heart rate increase

The sympathetic system causes heart rate to increase.

Vagus nerve

Controls the parasympathetic system and decreases heart rate.

SA Node

Sinoatrial node, ensures heart beats right and contracts atrium.

AV Node

Atrioventricular node, relays messages to the heart.

Congestive Heart Failure

Heart cannot pump enough blood for the body.

Symptoms of right side failure

Not enough blood is pumped to the lungs to get oxygen.

Symptoms of left side failure

Not enough oxygenated blood is pumped to the body.

Heart attack (Myocardial Infarction)

Caused by blood clots in the arteries that block blood from reaching the heart.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Plaque buildup in arteries that can lead to a heart attack.

Stroke

Blood flow to the brain is blocked or a blood vessel ruptures.

Atherosclerosis

Narrowing and closing of arteries due to cholesterol and fat buildup.

Aortic Aneurysm

Balloon-like bulge in the aorta that can rupture.

High Blood Pressure reading

Normal is 120/80; high is 130/80.

Lymphadenopathy

Swollen lymph nodes indicating possible infection or blood cancer.

Germ evolution

Germs adapt through mutation, sometimes leading to diseases like AIDS.

pH system

Scale from 0 to 14 to measure acidity and alkalinity.

Plasma composition

55% plasma, 45% cellular elements, consists mainly of water.

Key plasma proteins

Fibrinogen (clotting), Albumin (water concentration), Immunoglobulins (antibodies).

Red blood cells

Erythrocytes that carry oxygen.

White blood cells

Leukocytes that defend against germs.

Platelets

Thrombocytes involved in blood clotting.

Polymers and Monomers

Proteins are polymers made of amino acids, lipids are made of fatty acids, nucleic acids are made of nucleotides, and polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides.

blood pressure

amount of strain your arteries feel as the heart moves blood around

systolic blood pressure

Pressure produced by the contracting of the muscles

diastolic blood pressure

pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed