GI Elimination

what is the normal UO for a child

1ml/kg/hr

infant is 2ml/kg/hr

conditions that will require an increase in fluid requirements

• fever

• vomiting

• diarrhea

• DI

• burns

• post op bowel surgery

• shock

conditions that will require decrease fluid requirements

• HF

• SIADH

• after surgery

• oliguric/renal failure

• ICP

what is more common dehydration or overhydration?

dehydration

• dark urine

• severe dehydration can lead to shock→oliguria/azotemia

what is a reason why an infant can be overly hydrated

incorrect prepared formula

mild signs of dehydration

• tears present

• 3-5% weight loss

• decreased UO

• slight thirst

severe signs of dehydration

• 10% weight loss

• tachypnea and tachycardia

• tears absent

• oliguria or anuria

• sunken fontanelles

• shock

% of calculating burns on a child

• head: 9%

• arms (front and back each): 4.5%

• legs (front and back each): 7%

• abdomen (front and back each): 18%

• perineal area: 1%

% of calculating burns on an infant

• head: 18%

• each arm (front and back): 9%

• legs front and back): 14%

• perineal area: 1%

resuscitation fluids:

• 20ml/kg over 10-20 minutes

• crystalloid/isotonic WITHOUT dextrose

• short term

maintenece fluids:

• WITH dextrose

• longer term

hypertonic fluids

• 3% NS

• increased solute outside the cell, water moves out

isotonic fluids:

• 0.9% NS with LR

• no movement

hypotonic fluids:

• 0.45% NS

• increased solute inside the cell, water moves in