Patho- ENTERO, LISTERIA, BACILLUS

enterococcus is bile esculin

positive

in enterococcus, there’s no potent

toxin or virulence factor

enterococcus can’t avoid ____ and killing by ___

phagocytosis, phagocytes

surface proteins allow for ____. enterococcus can also make

adherence, biofilms

enterococcus has lots of

antibiotic resistance

four really common diseases of enterococcus

UTI, endocarditis, peritonitis, skin infections (post-operative wound infections)

in enterococcus, _____ testing is crucial for antibiotics

suscpetibility

enterococcos colonize the ___ tract

urinary

peritonitis from enterococcus is caused by

trama/leakage leading to abdominal swelling and tenderness

the endocarditis from enterococcus is from

bacteremia

two relevant enterococcus species that are in the large intestine (which has more)

E. faecalis »»» E. faecium

listeria can grow in ____ temps

cold, 4C

who does listeria primarily infect

neonates, elderly, pregnant people, and immunocompromised people

L. monocytogenes is an ____ pathogen, survives in proteolytic enzymes, ____ acid, and ___ salts

intracellular, stomach, bile

Listeria has ____ to host cells

adherence

stomach acid activates which two enzymes in listeria monocytogenes

listeriolysin O and phospholipase C enzyme

listeria moves from cell to cell with ___ rockets

actin

Granulamtosis infantiseptica

severe early onset of listeria (neonates)

most listeria infections in pregnant people are during ___ trimester

third

pregnant people usually have ______ syptoms of listeria

nonspecific flu like symptoms

people susceptible to listeria cannot eat

raw/partially cooked

foods, soft cheeses, or unwashed raw vegetables

bascillus species can be any type of ____ stain or ___

gram, morphology

bascillus can form

spores

bascillus anthrasis is gram ____ ___

posoitive bacilli

bacillus have a capsule of

poly-d-glutamic acid

virulent bacillus anthrasis carries three toxin protein components on a plasmid

protective antigen PA, edema factor EF, lethal factor LF

PA + EF =

edema toxin

PA + LF =

lethal toxin

PA binds to ______ cells and gets cleaved. EF and LF go through _____ to get in

host, endocytosis

bascillus EF increases___ levels to cause edema

cAMP

lethal factor is a ___ dependent protease that cleaves ___ kinase and leads to cell death

zinc, MAP

how does zinc dependent protease activity lead to cell death

stimulates macrophages to release pro inflammatory cytokines

B. anthracis has a _____ capsule

polypeptide

cutaneous anthrax is when ____ enter through exposed skin from ___ or ___

spores, soil, animal prodicts

gastrointestinal anthrax has a ___ mortality rate, adn _ tract infectoins

99%, upper lower

inhaled anthrax becomes active when spores reach

lower airways

first stage of inhaled anthrax is ____, then second sign has bad fever, ____ lymph nodes, respiratory ___, and sepsis

nonspecific, massive enlargement, failure

low co2 growth can cause exposure of

spores

bascillus cereus is an ___ pathogen that is found ___

opportunistic, everywehre

B. cereus is heat , heat _,

stable, labile

b. cereus gastrointeritis two forms

vomiting or diahrreal

b. cereus can cause eye infections through which toxins

necrotic toxin, cereolysin, and phospholipase C

B.cereus can come from contaminated

foods

B. cereus inhalation anthrax can cause

enlargment of lymph nodes

heat stable enterotoxin for b. cereus causes

emetic form of disease (rice)

heat lable enterotoxin b. cereus causes

diahrrea

emetic disease from b. cereus is made up of _____, has a ____ incubation period, less than 24 hrs

spores, short

b. cereus diarrheal disease is for ______ hours, from meat and veggies

over 24

bacillus ocular infections can happen through ____ contamination

soil

bacillus endocarditis is most common in

drug users