Music theory week 1

What are the five notes on the lines, from bottom to top on the treble clef called?

EGBDF," which represent the notes E, G, B, D, and F.

What are the notes on the spaces of the treble clef called?

The notes in the spaces of the treble clef are called "FACE," representing the notes F, A, C, and E.

What are the five notes on the lines, from bottom to top on the bass clef called?

The five notes on the lines of the bass clef are called "GBDFA," representing the notes G, B, D, F, and A.

What are the notes on the spaces of the treble clef called?

The notes in the spaces of the treble clef are called "FACE," representing the notes F, A, C, and E.

What do sharps do?

Raises a note by one semitone. For example, C becomes C♯.

What do flats do?

Lowers a note by one semitone. For example, B becomes B♭.

What does a natural do?

Cancels a sharp or flat, returning the note to its original pitch.

What is a semitone?

The smallest standard interval between adjacent notes in Western equal-tempered music, such as E to F or B to C.

What is the order of sharps?

F-C-G-D-A-E-B

What is the order of flats?

B-E-A-D-G-C-F

How to work out a relative minor of a note?

Count three whole tones down, Including the note. For example, relative minor of C major is A minor. No sharps or flats.

How to work out the relative major of a note?

Count three whole tones up including that note. For example, the relative major of E minor is G major with one sharp.

What is an interval?

The distance in pitch between two notes.

What are augmented intervals?

Intervals one semitone larger than the corresponding major pr perfect interval.

What are diminished intervals?

One semitone smaller than the corresponding minor or perfect interval.

How to tell if an interval is a major third?

The pitches are four semitones apart.

How to identify an interval?

1. Count note letters, including starting and ending notes, to find the interval number.

2. Check key signature and any accidentals to establish the actual pitches

3. Work out the interval quality from the distance between the pitches e.g major 3rd ( 4 semitones) or minor 3rd (3 semitones).

What is a triad?

A chord built from three notes, usually arranged as a root, a third and a fifth.

What makes up a major triad ?

Major 3rd + minor 3rd. C-E-G.

What makes up a minor triad?

Minor 3rd + major 3rd. C-Eb-G.

What makes up a diminished triad?

Minor 3rd + minor 3rd. C-Eb-Gb.

What makes up an augmented triad?

Major 3rd + major 3rd. C-E-G sharp.

What are roman numerals used for in music ?

Describe chords according to their position in a key.

What are the roman numerals in a major scale degree?

I ( Maj)

ii (Min)

iii (Min)

IV (Maj)

V (Maj)

vi (Min)

vii (Min0

What do uppercase numbers represent in triads?

Major triads

what do lowercase numbers represent in triads?

Minor triads

What does the degree symbol indicate?

A diminished triad

Why is C major (I), F major (IV) and G major (V) important?

These chords create the foundation of many major key progressions.

What is a cadence?

A harmonic and melodic progression that creates a sense of ending, pause or continuation.

What is a Perfect authentic cadence (PAC)?

Moves from V to I. The chords are in root position and the soprano ends on the tonic. Strongest closure.

What is an imperfect authentic cadence (IAC)?

Also moves from V to I, but it gives a sense of arrival and feels less conclusive.

What is a half cadence?

Ends on V. Often sounds as though the music is pausing rather than finishing, creating an expectation of continuation.

What is a plagal cadence?

Moves from IV to I. Often associated with the traditional ‘Amen’ ending in hymns.