PH 100 exam 3

The incidence of vehicle accidents due to alcohol increases significantly after the third drink.

True

Where, in the body, is most ingested alcohol absorbed?

Small Intestine

In what organ of the body is alcohol metabolized, primairly?

Liver

In what class of drugs is cocaine typically classified?

Stimulants

In what class of drugs is heroin typically classified?

Opioids

In what class of drugs is LSD typically classified?

Hallucinogen

In what class of drugs is alcohol typically classified?

Depressants

Match each class of drug with the general description of its effects.

-Stimulants: Increased heart rate, metabolism, mental alertness, nervousness

-Depressant: Reduced anxiety, mood changes, lowered inhibition

-Hallucinogens: Altered states of perception

-Opioids: Relief of anxiety and pain, euphoria, lethargy, apathy

Overdose deaths due to synthetic opioids exceeded those heroin use after about 2016.

True

As of 2022, the reported use of cannabis exceeds the reported use of alcohol.

True

A 100-pound person, on average, is legally intoxicated if they have more than one drink in the first hour of drinking.

True

A 200-pound individual, on average, is legally intoxicated after a four hour period and which they consume four drinks.

False

Alcohol causes more overall health impacts than any other psychoactive substance.

True

Which of the following is NOT an acute risk factor or adverse effect associated with alcohol use?

Rash and hair loss

NARCAN, a drug that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose and save the victim's life, is NOT available on the UWEC campus.

False

Which of the following is the most widely used federally illegal drug in the US?

Cannabis

What blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is considered the fatal threshold, on average?

0.40%

On average, how many years is the life expectancy reduced for an individual with alcohol use disorder?

15 years

Which drug causes more overall health impacts, in total, than any other?

Alcohol

A bottle of distilled liquor says that it is 80-proof, what is the alcohol % (as concentration by volume)?

40%

Which of the following drugs is responsible for the most emergency department visits annually in the US?

Alcohol

What is the legal threshold blood alcohol concentration (BAC) for legal intoxication in every state of the US?

0.08%

How many chambers does the heart contain?

four

The ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart during________, while the heart relaxes and fills with blood during________.

systole; diastole

Blood vessels called________ carry blood to the heart, whereas________ carry blood away from the heart.

veins; arteries

The small blood vessels that deliver blood to and pick blood up from tissues are

capillaries.

Atherosclerosis is

the thickening of artery walls by plaque deposits.

If the heart, brain, or other organs are not supplied with blood and the oxygen it transports, serious complications can arise, including

All of these answers are correct.

Blockage of a coronary artery causes

myocardial infarction.

People from which of the following groups are more likely to experience heart attacks without chest pain?

All of these answers are correct.

A person who experiences sudden weakness in their left arm and trouble speaking may be suffering from

a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

The most common symptom associated with a heart attack is

chest pain.

An arrhythmia is

an irregular heartbeat.

Most deaths from heart attacks occur within__________ of the onset of symptoms.

2 hours

Atherosclerosis is most closely associated with which type of stroke?

thrombotic

A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel that has already been damaged by plaque buildup is called a/an

thrombus.

A blood-filled pocket bulging out from a weak spot in an artery wall is called a(n)

aneurysm.

All of the following are among the common effects of a stroke EXCEPT

claudication.

An individual who witnesses a person suddenly faint and stop breathing should first check for a pulse and ask someone to call 911. If no pulse is present, they should

perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use a nearby automated external defibrillator (AED).

Which of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is modifiable?

high blood pressure

People who are MOST vulnerable to early onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) include all of the following EXCEPT

people with low LDL cholesterol levels.

Which of the following statements about tobacco use and cardiovascular health is true?

When smokers have heart attacks, they are more likely than nonsmokers to die from them.

Which of the following blood pressure readings is classified as “elevated”?

systolic pressure 125 mm Hg and diastolic pressure 75 mm Hg

Atherosclerosis causes artery narrowing when endothelial cells are damaged by a combination of the following conditions EXCEPT

low glucose levels

Which of the following strategies would work BEST to lower high blood pressure?

eating home-cooked food with little salt

Which treatment would be a LAST resort after a failed response in managing mild to moderate hypertension?

drug therapy

Which of the following laboratory findings would place a person at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

low HDL and high LDL

Diabetes is associated with higher rates of other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as

All of these answers are correct.

Homocysteine level has been identified as a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Which of the following statements about homocysteine is TRUE?

All of these answers are correct.

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended specifically for individuals with

high blood pressure.

All people aged 20 and over should have their cholesterol checked at least

once every 5 years.

Arnold is 56 years old and considers himself to be in good health. He has a family history of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. He recently had a routine physical exam. He was told that his blood pressure was 120/85, his LDL cholesterol level was 210, and his glucose levels were normal. Arnold was also informed that his weight of 190 pounds is about 10 pounds over the recommended range.
The physician will MOST likely suggest that Arnold make all of the following lifestyle changes EXCEPT

increasing vitamin D intake.

Unlike a benign tumor, a malignant tumor is

capable of invading surrounding structures.

Cancers that could be prevented by improving diet and controlling body weight include all of the following EXCEPT

ovarian cancer.

When a patient who has been previously diagnosed with cancer no longer has symptoms or other evidence of that cancer, their condition is said to

be in remission.

Smoking is responsible for about________ of lung cancer deaths.

80–90%

A diet high in________ is linked to increased risk of colon, stomach, and prostate cancers.

fat and meat

All of the following are sources of radiation EXCEPT

hydrocarbons.

To decrease exposure to acrylamide, a probable carcinogen, a person should avoid

eating fried potato chips.

Which of the following screenings is NOT recommended?

a mammography for a 35-year-old woman at average risk of breast cancer

Lung cancer is

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following lifestyle modifications should an individual with a family history of colon cancer consider?

choosing whole grains rather than refined grains

As per the American Cancer Society recommendations, women between ages 45 and 54 at average risk for breast cancer should have mammograms

every year.

Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test.

The most dangerous form of skin cancer is

melanoma.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of melanoma?

occurs most commonly on the face

Steps to prevent skin cancer include all of the following EXCEPT

using tanning salons instead of sunbathing.

A person has discovered a new mole on their neck that is about 1/8 of an inch in diameter, evenly colored, and round with a smooth edge. Which of the following should this person do?

Keep an eye on it for any changes, although it is likely to be noncancerous.

Which of the following is the most common cancer in men ages 20–35?

testicular cancer

Jen has fair skin, and both her mother and her aunt have had skin cancer treatment. Jen and her friends are planning an all-day outdoor hike near a high-elevation mountain lake this weekend; she anticipates a mix of sun and shade on the trail and at the lakeshore beach. She is looking forward to the hike, but she does not want to get a sunburn or any sun damage.
Jen applies sunscreen to the exposed areas of her skin before she leaves her apartment for the hike. She should apply more sunscreen

All of these answers are correct.