Poultry

week 6 lab

egg laying breeds tend to be…

small bodied and more focused on eggs produced

meat industry breeds tend to be…

hybrids bred to grow faster with more efficient FCR

US egg productions accounts for ___ of the world egg supply

10%

number of eggs americans consume per capita

276

total # of eggs from US

7.44 billion

the # of laying hens in the US

302 million

chicken is the number one ___ consumed in the US

protein

americans consume ___ of chicken per capita

>100lbs

top 5 broiler producing states

georgia, arkansas, alabama, north carolina, mississippi

95% of broiler chickens are produced on ___

family farms

5% of broiler chickens produced on ___

company owned farms

leghorn

tuscany, white eggs, white ear lobes, 280 eggs/year, most eggs weight at least 55g

rhode island red

rhode island and massachusetts, brown eggs, red ear lobes, mahogany red feathers, heavy breed, dual purpose

silkie

asia, blue ear lobes, black skin and bones, five toes on each foot, docile and friendly, feathers lack functioning barbicells

araucana

chile, blue or green eggs, ear tufts, rumpless

egg industry breeds

leghorn, rhode island red, silkie, araucana

meat industry breeds

cornish x plymouth rock

cornish x plymouth rock

cornish males x plymouth rock females, hybrid vigor

common production style in meat industry

vertical integration

growers enter a contract with chicken processers to raise broilers and guarantee market

vertical integration

pullet

female chicken <1 year of age

hen

female chicken >1 yr of age

chick

young chicken

cockerel

male chicken <1 yr of age

cock

male chicken >1 yr of age

broody

hen wants to sit on eggs to hatch them

haugh unit

measure height of thick albumen

candle

to examine inside the egg with a light

molt

hen stops laying eggs and lose body feather

sex-linked

male chicks are a different color than female chicks

straight run

unsexed batch of chicks

capon

surgically castrated male chicken <4 mo

cornish game hen

<5 weeks, either sex, ready to cook carcass <2 lbs

broiler/fryer

<10 weeks, either sex, tender meat, flexible breastbone cartilage, smooth skin

8-12 weeks, either sex, tender meat, less flexible breastbone cartilage, soft skin

roaster

stewing chicken

>10 months, female chicken, less tender meat, nonflexible breastbone tip

induced molting can be triggered by…

reduced photoperiod and specific nutrient restrictions that cease egg production

breeding of chickens is generally done…

naturally

poultry feeds consist of…

concentrate, high protein supplements, and carotenoid pigments

concentrate ex

corn, wheat

high protein supplement ex

soybean oil meal

carotenoid pigment ex

corn, corn gluten meal, ground marigold flowers

free range

chickens have the opportunity to go outside for some part of day

natural

no artificial ingredient or dyes, minimal processing

fresh

poultry never frozen

in raising hogs and poultry, ___ are not allowed

hormones