Paper 1 Recall Revision WWII 1
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119 Terms
How much did Japan's population grow from 1900 to 1930?
From 45 million in 1900 to 64 million by 1930.
What major world economic crisis began in 1929?
The Great Depression.
What is protectionism?
Protecting domestic industries by restricting or taxing foreign imports.
Which two countries used protectionist policies that hurt Japanese exports?
The United States and Britain.
How much did Japanese silk exports fall in 1930?
46% compared with 1929.
How much did agricultural prices fall from 1929 to 1931?
About 40%.
How much did textile prices fall from 1929 to 1931?
Nearly 50%.
What happened to Japan's exchange rate by December 1932?
JPY100 fell from about USD49 to USD20.
Which artificial material reduced US demand for Japanese silk?
Rayon.
Which Japanese region suffered severe famine?
Tohoku.
What did a 1933 source show children in Tohoku eating?
Radishes during famine.
Who introduced policies that helped Japan recover from recession?
Finance Minister Takahashi Korekiyo.
When did Japan's economy begin to recover?
Around 1932.
Name three raw materials Japan lacked.
Petroleum, coal and iron.
Which territories were important sources of raw materials for Japan?
Manchuria, Korea and Taiwan.
When was the First Sino-Japanese War?
1894
When was the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed?
17 April 1895.
Which territory was ceded to Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki?
Taiwan.
When did Korea become a Japanese protectorate?
1905
When did Japan annex Korea?
1910
Until when did Japan rule Korea directly?
1945
How much Korean farmland was Japanese-controlled in 1920?
39.8%.
How much Korean farmland was Japanese-controlled in 1932?
52.7%.
Approximately how many Korean forced labourers were brought to Japan, 1939–45?
About 670,000.
Approximately how many of those Korean forced labourers died?
About 60,000.
Why was Manchuria economically important to Japan?
It was rich in coal and iron and offered land for settlement.
What was the Mukden Incident?
The Kwantung Army used railway sabotage as a pretext to invade Manchuria.
Which railway was damaged in the Mukden Incident?
The Japanese-owned South Manchurian Railway.
What state did Japan establish in Manchuria?
Manchukuo.
Who was placed at the head of Manchukuo?
Puyi.
When did Japan recognise Manchukuo according to the source?
September 1932.
Who investigated the Mukden Crisis for the League of Nations?
The Earl of Lytton.
What was the Lytton Report?
The League investigation that said Japan had gone beyond legitimate self-defence in Manchuria.
What did the Lytton Report recommend?
That Manchuria should be returned to China.
How did Japan respond to the Lytton Report?
It rejected the report and refused to leave Manchuria.
When did Japan withdraw from the League of Nations?
March 1933.
Why was US absence a weakness of the League?
The League lacked the economic and military backing of a major power.
What happened at the Marco Polo Bridge on 7 July 1937?
Japan demanded entry to Wanping to search for a missing soldier; China refused and fighting followed.
When did Japan attack the Marco Polo Bridge?
8 July 1937.
When was an agreement reached after the initial Marco Polo Bridge fighting?
11 July 1937.
Who was killed on 9 August 1937, increasing tension?
Lieutenant Oyama.
When did the Battle of Shanghai begin?
13 August 1937.
When did the Battle of Shanghai end?
26 November 1937.
Which two northern Chinese cities fell in July 1937?
Beiping and Tianjin.
When did Shanghai fall to Japan?
November 1937.
When did Nanjing fall to Japan?
December 1937.
When did the Nanjing Massacre take place?
December 1937 to January 1938.
How many Chinese were killed in the Nanjing Massacre according to the source?
The source gives an estimate of more than 100,000 to 300,000.
When was Japan's New Order declared?
3 November 1938.
When was the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere declared?
1 August 1940.
What slogan was linked to the Co-Prosperity Sphere?
“Asia for Asians.”
What did Japan claim the Co-Prosperity Sphere would do?
Liberate Asia from Western colonial influence.
What economic interests did the Co-Prosperity Sphere serve?
Japan's access to Southeast Asian natural resources and labour.
What treaty linked US-Japanese trade before 1939?
The 1911 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation.
When did the US give notice to end the 1911 treaty?
26 July 1939.
Why did the US end the 1911 treaty?
Japanese expansion in China threatened US citizens, businesses and property.
When did Japan enter northern Indochina?
September 1940.
Which part of Indochina did Japan take first?
Tonkin in northern Vietnam.
When was the Soviet-Japanese Non-Aggression Pact signed?
13 April 1941.
How long was the Soviet-Japanese Non-Aggression Pact intended to last?
Five years.
What did the Soviet-Japanese pact promise?
Neither side would interfere if the other was attacked by a third country.
What percentage of Japan's oil had come from the US?
About 80%.
What did Roosevelt eventually ban from export to Japan?
All oil exports.
What did Japan propose to the US on 20 November 1941?
Withdrawal from southern Indochina if embargoes were lifted and aid to China stopped.
What did the US demand from Japan in late 1941?
Unconditional Japanese withdrawal from China.
When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
7 December 1941.
Where is Pearl Harbor?
Hawaii.
Approximately how many US naval ships were destroyed or damaged at Pearl Harbor?
Around 20.
Approximately how many US aircraft were destroyed at Pearl Harbor?
Around 300.
How many Americans were killed at Pearl Harbor according to the source?
More than 2,400.
When did the US declare war on Japan?
8 December 1941.
Who asked Congress to declare war on Japan?
President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Which countries declared war on the US three days later?
Germany and Italy.
When did Japan invade British Malaya?
8 December 1941.
Where did Japanese troops land in Malaya?
Kota Bharu and other points on the east coast.
What transport helped Japanese troops advance quickly through Malaya?
Bicycles.
Which two British warships were sunk on 10 December 1941?
HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse.
When did Singapore surrender?
15 February 1942.
Approximately how many British troops were unable to stop Japan by February 1942?
About 130,000.
When did Japanese troops land at Pattani and Songkhla?
8 December 1941.
Who was Thailand's leader mentioned in the source?
Songkhram.
When did Songkhram agree to Japanese terms?
3 December 1941.
When did Japan attack Borneo according to the source?
8 December 1941.
Which Dutch East Indies territories were attacked in January 1942?
Bali, Sumatra and Celebes.
When did Batavia fall?
1 March 1942.
By when was the Dutch East Indies occupied?
By the end of March 1942.
Why was Burma strategically important?
The Burma Road carried Allied supplies to China.
When was Rangoon captured?
March 1942.
Who commanded US-Filipino forces in the Philippines?
General Douglas MacArthur.
Where was MacArthur ordered to evacuate?
Australia.
What was the Bataan Death March?
A forced march of captured American and Filipino POWs after Japan's victory in the Philippines.
How many POWs were forced on the Bataan Death March?
About 60,000–80,000.
How far were prisoners marched in the Bataan Death March?
More than 90 km.
How many aircraft carriers did Japan have in the source table?
10
How many destroyers did Japan have?
113
How many submarines did Japan have?
63
Why were European colonial powers weak in Southeast Asia?
Britain was fighting Germany; the Netherlands and most of France were under Nazi occupation.
What type of warfare were Japanese troops well trained for in Malaya?
Jungle warfare.
Who was Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan?
General Douglas MacArthur.
What does SCAP stand for?
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.