Theoretical Foundations of Nursing and Human Development

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering major nursing theories, developmental stages, and psychological frameworks including Maslow, Sullivan, Bertalanffy, Lewin, Locsin, Laurente, Kuan, Kohlberg, Erikson, Divinagracia, Agravante, and Abaquin.

Physiological Needs (Maslow)

The foundational level of Maslow's hierarchy consisting of basic survival necessities: air, water, food, sleep, and elimination.

Safety Needs (Maslow)

The second level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs encompassing protection, stability, and security.

Love & Belonging Needs (Maslow)

The third level of Maslow's hierarchy involving family, friendship, and interpersonal connection.

Esteem Needs (Maslow)

The fourth level of Maslow's hierarchy which includes confidence, competence, and respect.

Self-Actualization (Maslow)

The highest level of Maslow's hierarchy, characterized by purpose, creativity, and the fulfillment of personal potential.

Personality (Sullivan)

The enduring pattern of interpersonal situations that characterize a person's life.

Anxiety (Sullivan)

An unpleasant state of tension or apprehension that may arise from actual or anticipated interpersonal disapproval, uncertainty, rejection, or threat.

Security Operations (Sullivan)

Mechanisms that try to reduce anxiety through avoidance, reassurance-seeking, withdrawal, pleasing others, or defensive communication.

Good-Me

A self-personification based on experiences of approval and acceptance, illustrated by feeling like a good student when following instructions.

Bad-Me

A self-personification linked to anxiety and disapproval, such as feeling bad when needing help.

Not-Me

A theoretical concept (not a clinical diagnosis) describing aspects of the self that induce intense anxiety and dread, kept out of awareness.

Malevolence (Sullivan)

A dynamism wherein an individual expects hostility or rejection and responds with distrust or opposition.

Selective Inattention (Sullivan)

An interpersonal operation involving not attending to information that might create anxiety.

Parataxic Distortion

Interpreting another person through expectations formed in earlier relationships rather than relying on current evidence alone.

Preadolescence (Sullivan)

A developmental epoch marked primarily by close same-sex chumship.

System (Bertalanffy)

A group of connected parts forming a whole where a change in one part affects the others.

Suprasystem

The larger system that surrounds an individual system.

Open System

A system that actively exchanges information, energy, or materials with its environment.

Throughput

The internal process of handling and transforming input within a system.

Feedback (General Systems Theory)

Information derived from output and used to make ongoing adjustments within the system.

Life Space (Lewin)

A person's psychological situation, comprising needs, fears, goals, and relationships.

Driving Forces (Lewin)

Forces identified in Force Field Analysis that encourage and push toward change.

Restraining Forces (Lewin)

Forces identified in Force Field Analysis that prevent or slow change.

Unfreezing (Lewin)

The first stage of change theory focused on preparing for change and understanding why change is needed.

Refreezing (Lewin)

The third stage of change theory focused on maintaining and establishing the new behavior as routine.

Technological Competency as Caring (Locsin)

The ability to use medical equipment safely and accurately as a deliberate expression of nursing care.

Knowing Persons (Locsin)

Understanding patients as whole persons beyond their immediate medical diagnosis and clinical readings.

Synchronicity in Human-Space-Time

A theoretical framework by Lim-Saco, Kilat, and Locsin framing nursing as a meaningful connection considering human experiences, environment, and timing.

Rhythmical Connecting

A nursing engagement process involving the adjustment of care according to the patient's individual needs and timing.

Transformational Engaging

A nursing engagement process centered on creating meaningful change through active interpersonal engagement.

Human Transcendence (Lim-Saco, Kilat, & Locsin)

A core life principle focused on supporting hope and possibilities beyond current limitations.

Presence (Laurente)

A caring concept defined as being physically and emotionally available to the patient.

Stimulation (Laurente)

A caring concept focused on encouraging patients to participate, cope, and gain confidence.

Role Discontinuity (Kuan)

The interruption or alteration in a person's previous occupational or social role upon entering retirement.

Physiological Age (Kuan)

The body's actual condition and level of biological functioning, distinct from chronological age.

Five Determinants of Retirement (Kuan)

The key factors influencing retirement adjustment: health status, income, work status, family constellation, and self-preparation.

Preconventional Level (Kohlberg)

Level I of moral development centered on self-interest and direct consequences, encompassing Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment) and Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange).

Conventional Level (Kohlberg)

Level II of moral development centered on relationships, duty, and social order, encompassing Stage 3 (Good Interpersonal Relationships) and Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order).

Postconventional Level (Kohlberg)

Level III of moral development centered on rights, justice, and universal ethics, encompassing Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights) and Stage 6 (Universal Principles).

Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

Erikson's stage of development during school age ($6\text{--}12\text{ years}$) where the basic virtue developed is competence.

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson)

Erikson's developmental stage during middle adulthood where the resulting basic virtue is care.

Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)

Erikson's late adulthood stage focused on reflecting back on life, resulting in the virtue of wisdom.

COMPOSURE Model (Divinagracia)

A nursing behavior model designed to achieve positive wellness outcomes, structured around the mnemonic Competence, Attentive availability/listening, Presence and Prayer, Open-Mindedness, Stimulation, Understanding, Respect and Relaxation, and Empathy.

Competence (Divinagracia)

The component of the COMPOSURE model referring to relevant knowledge, clinical skill, and sound judgement.

Respect and Relaxation (Divinagracia)

A nursing behavior in the COMPOSURE model focusing on protecting patient dignity and privacy while supporting rest and tension reduction.

CASAGRA Transformative Leadership Model

Sister Carolina S. Agravante's model designed to form transformative teachers and leaders who model professional values, develop others, and uphold safety standards.

Servant-Leader Spirituality (Agravante)

A core dimension of the CASAGRA model focused on leading through service, humility, compassion, and responsibility.

PREPARE ME Theory (Abaquin)

A nursing framework designed to provide supportive nursing interventions that enhance the quality of life for patients with advanced progressive cancer.

Reminisce Therapy (Abaquin)

A component of the PREPARE ME framework that involves inviting the recall of meaningful memories and life experiences.

Values Clarification (Abaquin)

A PREPARE ME component that helps the patient explore what matters most to guide care goals without steering them.