AP1 Revision: Atomic Structure and Energy

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing subatomic particles, historical atomic models, the periodic table, conservation of energy, energy stores, and energy transfer pathways based on the AP1 Revision Checklist.

Subatomic particles

The three constituent particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Chlorine

An element referenced for having a relative atomic mass of $35.5$.

Plum pudding model

An early model of the atom that was replaced following the results of Rutherford's experiment.

Rutherford's experiment

An experiment that provided evidence that changed the atomic model and led to the nuclear model.

Nuclear model

The model of the atom established after Rutherford's experiment, which was subsequently improved by Bohr and Chadwick.

Bohr

A scientist who contributed evidence to improve the atomic model regarding the arrangement of electrons in shells.

Chadwick

A scientist whose work provided evidence to further improve and develop the model of the atom.

Mendeleev

The scientist who arranged elements into a periodic table and deliberately left gaps for undiscovered elements.

Law of conservation of energy

The law stating that energy is never lost, meaning the total amount of energy before and after a process must always be the same.

Energy stores

The eight ways energy can be stored: thermal, kinetic, chemical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, magnetic, electrostatic, and nuclear.

Kinetic energy store

The energy store identified in a moving object, such as a moving car.

Elastic potential energy store

The energy store identified in an object that has been stretched, such as a stretched elastic band.

Chemical energy store

The energy store identified as being present in a battery.

Thermal energy store

The energy store identified as being present in hot substances, such as hot water.

Gravitational potential energy store

The energy store identified in an object that has been raised, such as a lifted object.

Four ways energy can be transferred

The four transfer pathways between energy stores: mechanically, electrically, by heating, and by radiation.

Mechanical work

An energy transfer pathway where energy is transferred mechanically between stores.

Electrical work

An energy transfer pathway where energy is transferred electrically, such as when a torch is switched on.

Transfer by heating

An energy transfer pathway involving temperature change and thermal energy, such as the useful and unwanted transfers occurring in a kettle.

Transfer by radiation

One of the four specific pathways through which energy can be transferred during a process.