Unit 1A Test Prep 2

Which hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

Testosterone

People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to

make and carry out plans

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain’s ability to form new memories in the

Hippocampus

Kevin was enjoying a walk in the forest on a beautiful Sunday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking towards him. Immediately, his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most likely related to the function of the

Sympathetic nervous system

After an electrode implanted in a cat’s brain stimulates the cat’s amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?

Immediately withdraw in fear

Following the release of neurotransmitters across the synapse, and an action potential, which of the following is most likely to happen?

The sending neuron reabsorbs some of the neurotransmitters for reuse.

The area labeled "a" in the drawing below identifies which of the following structures?

Dendrites

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called

A dendrite

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

the myelin sheath

 If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

Right parietal lobe

Kim was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find

An abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person’s reaction is most directly enabled by

a spinal reflex

The brain is NOT involved in initiating action in which of the following situations?

Maureen reflexively pulls her hand away from fire.

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?

The sympathetic nervous system

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in 

visual deficit

Brain lateralization refers to the

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

The brain’s ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as

plasticity

Which of the following brain regions is indicated by the arrow?

Pons

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?

Acetylcholine

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

digesting food

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.

Question

Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted’s fear response?

Amygdala

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been most associated with major depressive disorder?

Serotonin

Emma has lost the ability to understand language. She has most likely suffered damage to the

left temporal lobe

Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?

It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

Simple spatial reasoning

Which of the following is a parasympathetic nervous system response?

Increased digestion

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?

An all-or-none response

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

Somatic

Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of sensory cortex devoted to it?

Face

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Electrically stimulating a rat’s amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

Aggression

Which of the following best describes genetic mutation?

Random errors in gene replication

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for helping

Riaesha get ready to fight or flee when seeing a bear

The limbic system is most closely associated with

emotions

A tumor that destroys the ventromedial hypothalamus is likely to produce which of the following?

Frequent eating and obesity

Which of the following assertions is best supported by empirical evidence?

The two cerebral hemispheres are specialized to process different types of cognitive tasks

A person will most likely develop aphasia (partial or total loss of the ability to communicate verbally or using written words) as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke’s area

Esmeralda participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Esmeralda’s perseverance in the program is that exercise

Increases her level of endorphins

The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to

establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response

Which area of the brain is not well developed until after three years of age, offering a possible explanation for infantile amnesia?

Hippocampus

An animal will gain weight when

Its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

Speed up the transmission of information within a neuron