apbio quiz

All Cells have ___?

Plasma Membrane, Cytosol, Chromosomes, Ribosomes

What are the two types of cells

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryote Cells

• Domains Bacteria and Archae

• DNA is the nucleoid region

• Generally smaller in size than eukaryotes

Eukaryotic Cells

Protists, fungi, animals, and plants

DNA is in the nucleus

Contain Membrane Bound organelles

Orangelles

Membrane Bound structures in the nucleus of Eukaryotes

What is compartmentalization?

Allows for different metabolic reactions to occur in different places

Unique Cell Components in Plants

• Chloroplasts

• Central Vacuole

• Cell Wall

• Plasmodesmata

Animals

• Lysosomes

• Centrosomes

• Flagella

Nucleus

• Double Membrane

• Has Pores and contains chromosones

• Enclosed by the nuclear envelope

• Has Nucleolus inside of it

Nucleolus

• Where rRNA is synthesize and combined with smaller proteins to form ribosomes

• Ribosomes translate mRNA messages onto the primary structure of proteins

Ribosomes

• Consist of Ribosomal RNA and Protein and work to create proteins

• Technically not bound to a membrane

• 
  

Where are ribosomes found

1. Cytosol(only work in the cytosol) (basc enzymes)

2. Bound to the ER or the Nuclear Envelope (work everywhere)

Endoplasmic Reticiulum

A network of tubes membraneous sacs and tubes that function to synthesize membranes and compartimize the cell

Differences between Rough ER and Smooth ER

• Rough ER Contains ribosomes bound to the ER membrane

• Smooth ER contains no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and detoxifies the cell.

Golgi Complex

Contains flattened membraneous sacs known as cisternae

Whats the directionality of the Golgi Complex

• The Cis face recieves the vesicles from the ER

• The Trans Face sends vesicles back out into the cystol or into the plasma membrane.

What are the functions of the Golgi Complex

• Receives transport vesicles with materials from the ER

• Modifies the materials

• Sorts the materials

• Adds molecular tags

• Packages materials into new transport vesicles that exit the membrane via exocytosis

Lysosomes

Membraneous sac with hydrolytic enzymes and functions to hydrolze macromolecules in animal cells and do autophagy

Vacuoles

Large Vesicles that stem from the ER and the Golgi

What are the 3 types of vacuoles

Food Vacuole

• Form by phagocytosis and then are digested by lysosomes

Contractile Vacuole

• Maintain water levels in cell

Central Vacuole

• Found in plants and essential to turgor pressure