Oral Pathology Midterm Chart Review

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Last updated 3:50 AM on 10/9/26
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132 Terms

1
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What is the definition of a traumatic ulcer?

Ulcer caused by physical injury.

<p>Ulcer caused by physical injury.</p>
2
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What is the definition of a chemical burn?

Mucosal injury from a reactive substances.

<p>Mucosal injury from a reactive substances.</p>
3
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What is the definition of a thermal burn?

Heat injury to oral mucosa.

<p>Heat injury to oral mucosa.</p>
4
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What is the definition of minor aphthous ulcers?

Most common recurrent aphthous ulcer type (~80%). a small, painful, movable - open sore that forms on the soft tissues inside the mouth

<p>Most common recurrent aphthous ulcer type (~80%). a small, painful, movable - open sore that forms on the soft tissues inside the mouth</p>
5
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What is the definition of major aphthous ulcers?

Large, uncommon aphthae (Sutton disease), 1-10 lesions present uncommon!

<p>Large, uncommon aphthae (Sutton disease), 1-10 lesions present uncommon!</p>
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What is the definition of herpetiform aphthous ulcers?

Numerous tiny aphthae that look herpes-like but are NOT HSV.

<p>Numerous tiny aphthae that look herpes-like but are NOT HSV.</p>
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What is the definition of oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Malignant epithelial neoplasm of oral mucosa.

- Most common oral cancer

-a type of cancer that starts in the flat, thin squamous cells lining the inside of the mouth and lips

<p>Malignant epithelial neoplasm of oral mucosa.</p><p>- Most common oral cancer </p><p>-a type of cancer that starts in the flat, thin squamous cells lining the inside of the mouth and lips</p>
8
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What is the definition of histoplasmosis?

Deep fungal infection involving oral mucosa- non healing ulcers

<p>Deep fungal infection involving oral mucosa- non healing ulcers</p>
9
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What is the definition of mucormycosis?

a severe, tissue-destroying fungal infection affecting the mouth, palate, jaws, or surrounding oral structures -seen in patients with poor diabetes

<p>a severe, tissue-destroying fungal infection affecting the mouth, palate, jaws, or surrounding oral structures -seen in patients with poor diabetes</p>
10
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What is the definition of aspergillosis?

Deep fungal infection caused by Aspergillus mold found in indoor or outdoor enviornments.

<p>Deep fungal infection caused by Aspergillus mold found in indoor or outdoor enviornments.</p>
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What is the definition of tuberculosis?

Chronic granulomatous infection, mainly pulmonary caused by mycobacterium tb

<p>Chronic granulomatous infection, mainly pulmonary caused by mycobacterium tb</p>
12
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What is the definition of primary herpes simplex virus?

Initial HSV infection (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis).

<p>Initial HSV infection (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis).</p>
13
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What is the definition of herpes labialis?

Recurrent of infection: represents reactivation of HSV type 1 , aka cold sores or fever blisters

<p>Recurrent of infection: represents reactivation of HSV type 1 , aka cold sores or fever blisters</p>
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What is the definition of intraoral recurrent HSV?

Reactivation of HSV within the oral cavity- attached mucosa

<p>Reactivation of HSV within the oral cavity- attached mucosa</p>
15
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What is the definition of primary varicella zoster virus?

Primary VZV infection (chickenpox).

<p>Primary VZV infection (chickenpox).</p>
16
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What is the definition of recurrent VZV (shingles)?

Reactivation of latent VZV.

<p>Reactivation of latent VZV.</p>
17
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What is the definition of herpangina?

Acute enteroviral vesicular disease.

<p>Acute enteroviral vesicular disease.</p>
18
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What is the definition of hand-foot-mouth disease?

Enteroviral infection with oral and skin lesions.

<p>Enteroviral infection with oral and skin lesions.</p>
19
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What is the definition of impetigo?

Superficial bacterial vesiculopustular infection.

<p>Superficial bacterial vesiculopustular infection.</p>
20
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What is the definition of erythema multiforme?

Acute, self-limited mucocutaneous disease.

<p>Acute, self-limited mucocutaneous disease.</p>
21
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What is the definition of Stevens-Johnson syndrome / TEN?

Severe mucocutaneous reaction.

<p>Severe mucocutaneous reaction.</p>
22
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What is the definition of erosive lichen planus?

Chronic immune-mediated erosive form of lichen planus.

<p>Chronic immune-mediated erosive form of lichen planus.</p>
23
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What is the definition of pemphigus vulgaris?

Chronic autoimmune vesiculobullous disease with fragile epithelial separation.

<p>Chronic autoimmune vesiculobullous disease with fragile epithelial separation.</p>
24
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What is the definition of mucous membrane pemphigoid?

Chronic autoimmune blistering disease affecting mucous membranes.

<p>Chronic autoimmune blistering disease affecting mucous membranes.</p>
25
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What is the definition of leukoedema?

Common benign white/gray mucosal change.

<p>Common benign white/gray mucosal change.</p>
26
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What is the definition of Fordyce granules?

Ectopic sebaceous glands.

<p>Ectopic sebaceous glands.</p>
27
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What is the definition of frictional keratosis?

Excess keratin from chronic physical irritation.

<p>Excess keratin from chronic physical irritation.</p>
28
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What is the definition of smokeless tobacco keratosis?

Keratosis at site of smokeless tobacco placement.

<p>Keratosis at site of smokeless tobacco placement.</p>
29
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What is the definition of nicotine stomatitis?

Reactive palatal keratosis from heat associated with smoking.

<p>Reactive palatal keratosis from heat associated with smoking.</p>
30
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What is the definition of pseudomembranous candidiasis?

Superficial Candida infection ('thrush').

<p>Superficial Candida infection ('thrush').</p>
31
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What is the definition of hyperplastic candidiasis?

Chronic Candida-associated white plaque.

<p>Chronic Candida-associated white plaque.</p>
32
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What is the definition of central papillary atrophy?

Erythematous Candida-associated tongue lesion.

<p>Erythematous Candida-associated tongue lesion.</p>
33
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What is the definition of leukoplakia?

Clinical term for a white patch that cannot be wiped off or diagnosed otherwise.

<p>Clinical term for a white patch that cannot be wiped off or diagnosed otherwise.</p>
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What is the definition of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia?

Advanced, progressive form of leukoplakia.

<p>Advanced, progressive form of leukoplakia.</p>
35
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What is the definition of reticular lichen planus?

Chronic immune-mediated mucosal disease, reticular form.

<p>Chronic immune-mediated mucosal disease, reticular form.</p>
36
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What is the definition of erosive lichen planus (white/pigmented chart)?

Symptomatic erosive form of lichen planus.

<p>Symptomatic erosive form of lichen planus.</p>
37
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What is the definition of oral hairy leukoplakia?

EBV-associated white lesion indicating immunosuppression.

<p>EBV-associated white lesion indicating immunosuppression.</p>
38
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What is the definition of hairy tongue?

Elongation of filiform papillae due to keratin accumulation.

<p>Elongation of filiform papillae due to keratin accumulation.</p>
39
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What is the definition of erythroplakia?

Clinical term for a red patch not explained by another condition.

<p>Clinical term for a red patch not explained by another condition.</p>
40
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What is the definition of erythroleukoplakia?

Mixed red-and-white clinical lesion.

<p>Mixed red-and-white clinical lesion.</p>
41
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What is the definition of a melanotic macule?

Benign focal increase in melanin production.

<p>Benign focal increase in melanin production.</p>
42
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What is the definition of an amalgam tattoo?

Exogenous metallic pigmentation.

<p>Exogenous metallic pigmentation.</p>
43
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What is the definition of oral melanoma?

Malignancy of melanocytes.

<p>Malignancy of melanocytes.</p>
44
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What is the definition of pyogenic granuloma?

Benign reactive growth of blood vessels and inflammatory cells.

<p>Benign reactive growth of blood vessels and inflammatory cells.</p>
45
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What is the definition of peripheral giant cell granuloma?

Reactive giant-cell lesion limited to gingiva/alveolar mucosa.

<p>Reactive giant-cell lesion limited to gingiva/alveolar mucosa.</p>
46
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What is the definition of peripheral ossifying fibroma?

Reactive gingival growth arising from PDL.

<p>Reactive gingival growth arising from PDL.</p>
47
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What is the definition of an irritation fibroma?

Reactive fibrous connective-tissue nodule.

<p>Reactive fibrous connective-tissue nodule.</p>
48
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What is the definition of drug-related gingival overgrowth?

Diffuse gingival enlargement from increased collagen production.

<p>Diffuse gingival enlargement from increased collagen production.</p>
49
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What is the definition of gingival cyst of the adult?

Small developmental odontogenic cyst in gingiva.

<p>Small developmental odontogenic cyst in gingiva.</p>
50
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What is the definition of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)?

Painful, rapidly developing infectious gingival disease.

<p>Painful, rapidly developing infectious gingival disease.</p>
51
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What is the definition of a periodontal abscess?

Localized pus accumulation at base of periodontal pocket.

<p>Localized pus accumulation at base of periodontal pocket.</p>
52
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What is the definition of a parulis?

Draining sinus tract from odontogenic infection.

<p>Draining sinus tract from odontogenic infection.</p>
53
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What is the definition of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia?

Reactive fibrous overgrowth associated with denture flange.

<p>Reactive fibrous overgrowth associated with denture flange.</p>
54
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What is the definition of inflammatory papillary hyperplasia?

Papillary inflammatory change under maxillary complete denture.

<p>Papillary inflammatory change under maxillary complete denture.</p>
55
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What is the definition of squamous papilloma?

Most common benign epithelial neoplasm intraorally; HPV-mediated.

<p>Most common benign epithelial neoplasm intraorally; HPV-mediated.</p>
56
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What is the definition of verruca vulgaris?

Common wart; benign HPV-mediated lesion.

<p>Common wart; benign HPV-mediated lesion.</p>
57
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What is the definition of condyloma acuminatum?

HPV-mediated 'venereal wart.'

<p>HPV-mediated 'venereal wart.'</p>
58
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What is the definition of verrucous carcinoma?

Low-grade variant of squamous carcinoma with verrucous growth.

<p>Low-grade variant of squamous carcinoma with verrucous growth.</p>
59
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What is the etiology of a traumatic ulcer?

Biting, broken restorations, abrasive foods, vigorous brushing/flossing, appliances.

<p>Biting, broken restorations, abrasive foods, vigorous brushing/flossing, appliances.</p>
60
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What is the clinical presentation of a traumatic ulcer?

Painful ulcer with blended white border.

<p>Painful ulcer with blended white border.</p>
61
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What is the treatment for a traumatic ulcer?

Remove source of trauma; palliative care.

<p>Remove source of trauma; palliative care.</p>
62
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What is the healing time for a traumatic ulcer?

~10-14 days.

<p>~10-14 days.</p>
63
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When does a traumatic ulcer require biopsy?

When the ulcer is persistent.

<p>When the ulcer is persistent.</p>
64
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What is the etiology of a chemical burn?

Aspirin held against tooth, mouthwash, whitening agents, hydrogen peroxide.

<p>Aspirin held against tooth, mouthwash, whitening agents, hydrogen peroxide.</p>
65
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What is the clinical presentation of a chemical burn?

Wrinkled white mucosa; damaged tissue may slough/peel.

<p>Wrinkled white mucosa; damaged tissue may slough/peel.</p>
66
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What is the treatment for a chemical burn?

Remove chemical exposure; supportive/palliative care.

<p>Remove chemical exposure; supportive/palliative care.</p>
67
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What is the etiology of a thermal burn?

Hot pizza, soup, fried foods, coffee.

<p>Hot pizza, soup, fried foods, coffee.</p>
68
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What are the common locations for a thermal burn?

Hard palate and anterior tongue.

<p>Hard palate and anterior tongue.</p>
69
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What is the clinical presentation of a thermal burn?

Painful erythema and ulceration.

<p>Painful erythema and ulceration.</p>
70
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What is the treatment for a thermal burn?

Palliative care; avoid hot/traumatic foods while healing.

<p>Palliative care; avoid hot/traumatic foods while healing.</p>
71
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What is the etiology of minor aphthous ulcers?

Immune-mediated / recurrent aphthous process.

<p>Immune-mediated / recurrent aphthous process.</p>
72
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What is the size of minor aphthous ulcers?

less than 1 cm

<p>less than 1 cm</p>
73
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What location do minor aphthous ulcers occur on?

Movable mucosa, usually anterior (labial/buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of mouth).

<p>Movable mucosa, usually anterior (labial/buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of mouth).</p>
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What is the healing time for minor aphthous ulcers?

7-10 days without scarring.

<p>7-10 days without scarring.</p>
75
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What is the treatment for minor aphthous ulcers?

Symptomatic care / topical therapy.

<p>Symptomatic care / topical therapy.</p>
76
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What is the size of major aphthous ulcers?

1-3 cm.

<p>1-3 cm.</p>
77
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What location do major aphthous ulcers occur on?

Movable mucosa, often posterior (buccal/labial mucosa, tongue, soft palate/tonsillar pillars).

<p>Movable mucosa, often posterior (buccal/labial mucosa, tongue, soft palate/tonsillar pillars).</p>
78
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What is the healing time for major aphthous ulcers?

Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers txt?

2-6 weeks; may SCARRING.

Protective mucoadherent meds -oral band-aid-zilactin, orabase, orafilm,

warm salt water rinse

high topical corticosteroids -requires Rx

<p>2-6 weeks; may SCARRING.</p><p>Protective mucoadherent meds -oral band-aid-zilactin, orabase, orafilm,</p><p>warm salt water rinse </p><p>high topical corticosteroids -requires Rx</p>
79
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What is the size of herpetiform aphthous ulcers?

0.1-0.3 cm.- multiple small ulcers---> larger ones

<p>0.1-0.3 cm.- multiple small ulcers---> larger ones</p>
80
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How many lesions typically present in herpetiform aphthous ulcers?

Up to 100 lesions that may coalesce.

<p>Up to 100 lesions that may coalesce.</p>
81
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Which population is most often affected by herpetiform aphthous ulcers?

Adult females,

82
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What is the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Tobacco (most significant), alcohol, lip sun exposure; risk increases with age.

83
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What is the clinical presentation of oral squamous cell carcinoma?

-Asymptomatic

- non-healing ulcer in

-white=leukoplakia

-red patch=erthyroplakia with firm/indurated elevated borders.

<p>-Asymptomatic</p><p>- non-healing ulcer in </p><p>-white=leukoplakia</p><p>-red patch=erthyroplakia with firm/indurated elevated borders.</p>
84
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What is the initial diagnostic management for suspected oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Biopsy

-Stage 1 and 2 (loc disease) =surgery

-Stage 3 and 4(advance)=surgery, radition-chemotherapy

<p>Biopsy</p><p>-Stage 1 and 2 (loc disease) =surgery</p><p>-Stage 3 and 4(advance)=surgery, radition-chemotherapy</p>
85
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What geographic region is associated with histoplasmosis?

Ohio River Valley

<p>Ohio River Valley</p>
86
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What is the clinical presentation of oral histoplasmosis?

Occur in what type of people?

- Non-healing oral ulcer anywhere (commonly lateral tongue or gingiva); mimics SCC.

-Immunocompromised

<p>- Non-healing oral ulcer anywhere (commonly lateral tongue or gingiva); mimics SCC.</p><p>-Immunocompromised</p>
87
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What risk factors predispose to mucormycosis?

Poorly controlled diabetes or severe immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

<p>Poorly controlled diabetes or severe immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)</p>
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What is the clinical presentation of mucormycosis?

Deep fungal infection TXT?

Destructive nasal/sinus/palatal mass with necrotic black tissue.

Biopsy for non healing ulcer

Systemic antifungal med (amphotericin-ketoconazole, itraconazole)

<p>Destructive nasal/sinus/palatal mass with necrotic black tissue.</p><p>Biopsy for non healing ulcer </p><p>Systemic antifungal med (amphotericin-ketoconazole, itraconazole)</p>
89
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What is the etiology of tuberculosis oral lesions?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (airborne), usually secondary from infected pulmonary sputum.

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (airborne), usually secondary from infected pulmonary sputum.</p>
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What symptoms characterize secondary tuberculosis?

TXT?

Fever, chills, persistent cough, night sweats, weight loss, and oral ulceration.

Biopsy, PPD skin test, multiple drug thearpy for serval months-consult to physician to confirm txt is ongoing.

<p>Fever, chills, persistent cough, night sweats, weight loss, and oral ulceration.</p><p>Biopsy, PPD skin test, multiple drug thearpy for serval months-consult to physician to confirm txt is ongoing.</p>
91
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Which mucosal surfaces are affected in primary HSV infection?

BOTH attached and unattached mucosa.

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What is the etiology of herpes labialis?

HSV-1 dormant in trigeminal ganglion.

93
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Where does intraoral recurrent HSV present?

Attached / keratinized mucosa.

94
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Which mucosal surfaces are affected in chickenpox (primary VZV)?

Attached AND unattached mucosa.

95
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What clinical feature differentiates recurrent VZV (shingles) from other vesicular lesions?

Unilateral lesions along a dermatome that do NOT cross midline.

96
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What is the etiology of herpangina?

Usually Coxsackie / enterovirus.

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Where do herpangina lesions present intraorally?

Posterior oral cavity.

98
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What skin sites are involved in hand-foot-mouth disease?

Fingers, toes, palms, and soles.

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What is the characteristic clinical presentation of impetigo skin lesions?

Perioral/skin lesions that rupture and form classic yellow/honey-colored crusts.

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What skin presentation is classic for erythema multiforme?

Target lesions.