Development of Face and Oral Cavity

Vocabulary flashcards detailing embryonic germ layers, neural structures, and facial prominences during the development of the face and oral cavity.

What is the first stage of fertilization?

Fertilization of the ovum.

This is formed after the fertilization of ovum

Morula.

As the morula develops into a hollow structure (a blastocyst), its cells split into 2 main groups:

Tropoblast (Outer Cell Mass) and Blastula (Inner Cell Mass)

The inner cell mass (Blastula) further organizes into a two-layered structure:

Epiblast and

Hyoblast

Trophoblast

The outer cell layer of the blastula that forms extraembryonic membranes and the placenta.

Blastula

Inner cell mass.

What are 3 germ layers?

1. Endoderm

2. Mesoderm

3. Ectoderm

mnemonics- (EME)

Endoderm

The innermost germ layer formed by the anterior end of the primitive streak, which is embedded in the midline at the epiblast layer.

Mesoderm

The middle germ layer formed by prospective mesodermal cells migrating from the epiblast through the primitive streak.

Mesoderm

The middle germ layer formed by prospective mesodermal cells migrating from the epiblast through the primitive streak.

Ectoderm

The outermost germ layer formed by the cells remaining in the epiblast, completing the formation of the three germ layers.

Rostral

A directional term meaning the anterior end.

Primordia

An aggregation of cells in the embryo indicating the first trace of an organ or structure.

Notochord

In embryos, the axial fibrocellular cord about which the vertebrae primordia form; vestige of it persists in the adult as the nuclei pulposi of the intervertebral disk.

Neural Plate

A thickened plate of ectoderm in the embryo that develops into the neural tube.

Neural Tube

The epithelial structure produced by the folding of the neural plate.

Neural Crest Cells

A unique population of cells that develop from the ectoderm along the lateral margins of the neural plate and undergo extensive migrations to the head and trunk.

Neural crest cells undergo extensive migrations into 2 main regions of the developing embryo, what are these?

1. Head and Trunk

• Differentiates into: (Pigment cells, Neural, and Endocrine)

2. Head and Neck

• Differentiates into: (Skeletal and connective tissues)

Sublayers of Mesoderm

The three divisions of the mesoderm consisting of paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm.

Development of Facial Prominence

1. Development of Nasal Placoded, Frontonasal region, mrimary plate, and nose.

2. Development of Maxillary Prominence and Secondary palate.

3. Development of Visceral Arches and tongue.

Stellar

Star-shaped.

Placode

A local thickening in the embryonic ectodermal layer whose cells ordinarily constitute a primordial group from which a sense organ or ganglion develops.

Stomatodeum

The primitive oral cavity.

Prominence

An anatomical process.

Five Facial Prominences

The facial processes consisting of the Frontal Prominence (Forehead), Medial Nasal Prominence (MNP), Lateral Nasal Prominence (LNP), Maxillary Prominence (MXP), and Mandibular Prominence (MPP).

Three Parts of Fetal Brain

The primary embryonic divisions of the brain: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

Nasal Pit

Structures located on either side of the frontonasal prominence that are surrounded by the medial nasal prominence (MNP) and lateral nasal prominence (LNP).