Chemical Bonding and Reactions Unit Review

Practice vocabulary flashcards covering chemical bonding, reaction types, reaction rates, and chemical nomenclature based on the unit review practice test.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed when two nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve chemical stability.

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed between oppositely charged ions through the transfer (gaining and losing) of electrons, typically between a metal and a nonmetal.

Valence Electrons

The electrons in the outer energy levels of atoms that are lost, gained, or shared during chemical bonding.

Chemical Stability

The condition achieved when an atom has a full outer energy level, which requires $8$ electrons for most atoms.

Oxidation Number of Oxygen

The typical charge or oxidation state of oxygen in most compounds, which is $-2$.

Catalyst

A substance added to a chemical reaction that increases the reaction rate without being consumed.

Decomposition Reaction

A type of chemical reaction where a single reactant compound is split or broken down into two or more simpler substances.

Double Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction in which two compounds exchange ions or switch bonding partners to form two new compounds.

Synthesis Reaction

A chemical reaction where two or more simple substances combine to form a single, more complex product.

Chemical Change

A process where chemical bonds are broken, atoms rearrange, and one or more new substances with different properties are formed (e.g., baking a cake).

Law of Conservation of Mass

The scientific principle stating that the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.

Group 18 Elements

Noble gases that do not readily react chemically because they naturally possess a full, stable outer energy level of valence electrons.

Particle Collision Theory

The theory explaining that chemical reactions occur and reaction rates change based on the frequency and energy of collisions between reacting particles.

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that releases energy into its surroundings.

Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings.

Carbon Tetrahydride

The covalent compound represented by the chemical formula $\text{CH}_4$.

Potassium Iodide

An ionic compound formed from potassium and iodine with the chemical formula $\text{KI}$.

Lithium Nitride

An ionic compound composed of lithium and nitrogen with the chemical formula $\text{Li}_3\text{N}$.

Dihydrogen Dioxide

A covalent compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen with the chemical formula $\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$.

Properties of a Compound

Characteristics that are fundamentally different from the individual properties of the elements that form the compound.